The poetics of Love in the Roman the la Rose
Ruy de Oliveira ANDRADE FILHO, Luiz Fernando ALVES
Original title: A poética do Amor em O Romance da Rosa
Published in Nicholas of Cusa in Dialogue
Keywords: Courtly Love, Guillaume of Lorris, Jean of Meun, The Romance the la Rose, XIII Century.
We aim with this article to analyze the poetics of love in The Romance of the Rose. We think that Guillaume de Lorris’s conception of love is associated with the flourishing of the French courtly society of the XIII Century, and that Jean de Meun’s conception of love is a result of the decline of this same society. Behind the virtues offered by Guillaume to the medieval lover we find the notion of courtesy, of the art of living in society, the understanding of the poetry as a form of ethics, and the medieval poetic of desire – intimately associated with the religious mysticism appeared from the XI Century and with the troubadours’ poetry. Jean is more influenced by the Ovidian tradition of thinking about the causes and effects of love. In the first part of the poem, Guillaume idealizes the conquest of the Rose; in the second, Jean describes the cueillette of the Rose, which could be read as a rape, in an allegorical way. It is this tension between different conceptions of love in a same poem that makes possible a better comprehension of the ways people used to think and feel in the Middle Ages.
The process of islamization in Western Africa under the rulership of the Empire of Mālī
Ahmed-Salem Ould Mohamed BABA; Vicente CASTRO MARTÍNEZ
Original title: El proceso de islamización de África occidental bajo el Imperio de Mālī
Published in Mirabilia Journal 34
Keywords: Animism, Black Africa, Haŷŷ, Islam, Saadies, Trade.
In this article, it is analyzed the role that had the best-known sub-Saharan empire, Mālī, in the acceleration of the process of islamization which took place in the southern part of the Sahara Desert between the XIIIth and XVIth centuries. However, it proves to be useful for the mentioning of the fact that the adoption of the Muslim religion by the Western Africa peoples do not cause the abandonment of their traditional beliefs, but a syncretism between them, despite the intentions of their rulers. On the other hand, apart from religious aspects, it will be very important the investigation of the commercial exchanges as one of the essential elements in the development of the penetration of Islamic values along this region of the African continent, in conjunction with the importance of the art as an indicator of this process advancement. To do that, it will be paid close attention to the development of the peculiar Sudanese art that was implemented in the main cities of the empire, around which is related this investigation, Timbuktu.
The profane in the sacred: representations of peasant life in Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry (15th century)
Paula de Souza Santos Graciolli SILVA
Original title: O profano no sagrado: representações da vida camponesa em Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry (século XV)
Published in
Keywords: Iluminures, Labours of the months, Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry, Peasants.
This work proposes to realize an iconographic analysis of the representations of the peasant life in two illuminations present in Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry, a book of hour richly illustrated and commissioned in 1413 by Jean de Valois (1340-1416) the Duke of Berry. The charge was initially given to the Limbourg brothers, but was only completed at the end of the 15th century by the illuminator Jean Colombe (1430-1493). We will analyze the illuminations referring to the months of July and September, where wheat and grape harvesting activities are presented respectively. To support our approach, we will start from the problematization of the notions of sacred and profane, recurrent in the visual culture of the Middle Ages, and from some reflections on the visions and interpretations of the medieval peasant.
The relation between gargoyles and texts in the context of late medieval Portugal: concerns about the behavior of the body and the sins
Catarina Alexandra Martins Fernandes BARREIRA
Original title: A relação entre gárgulas e textos no contexto tardo-medieval em Portugal: preocupações em torno do comportamento do corpo e os pecados
Published in Relations between History and Literature in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Exempla, Gargoyles, Literature, Senses, Sins.
Our aim is to analyze the relationship between gargoyles and some Portuguese texts in the context of 15th and 16th centuries. In this purpose some gargoyles will be observed, as well as the iconographic programs that highlight the same concerns as the chosen texts, with special emphasis on the behaviour of the sinful body. From this phenomenon will result not only a deep relationship between gargoyles and late medieval ages, but in particular its educational role that results from a close relationship with the church and with its audience.
The relation between wealth, timē, axia and moira in the Homeric poems
Adriana Santos TABOSA
Original title: A relação entre riqueza, timē, axia e moira nos poemas homéricos
Published in Nicholas of Cusa in Dialogue
Keywords: Axia, Homer, Moira, Timē.
This paper analyzes the concept of wealth and its relation to the equation timē-axia-moira and the relation between the fundamental concepts of timē − agalmata contained in the Homeric poems.
The religious imagination in Ramon Llull: a theory of contemplative oration
Amador Vega
Original title: La imaginación religiosa en Ramon Llull: una teoria de la oración contemplativa
Published in Ramon Llull (1232-1316): the cooperation among different cultures and the inter-religious dialogue
The role of Ephesus in the late antiquity from the period of Diocletian to 449AD the Robber Synod
Eirini ARTEMI
Published in Society and Culture in Portugal
Keywords: Council of Ephesus, Cyril of Alexandria, Diocletian, Edict of Thessalonica, Ephesus, Robber Synod, Temple of Artemis.
During the reign of Diocletian (284-305AD), Ephesus was reorganized on centralized and authoritarian lines down to the provincial level. A big part of the city was rebuilt by Constantine I. In 401AD after the Edict of Thessalonica from Emperor Theodosius I, the ruins of temple of Artemis was destroyed. The most important role of the city took place in 431AD. There, the Council of Ephesus was assembled by the Emperor Theodosius the younger to settle the contentions which had been raised in the Church by the heretical teaching of Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople. Finally, in 449AD another council took place the Robber Synod, which was condemned by the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon in 451.
The simbolical representations of the Devil in Ramon Llull and Dante Alighieri (13th & 14th centuries)
Klítia Loureiro and Ziza Scaramussa
Original title: O Diabo e suas representações simbólicas em Ramon Llull e Dante Alighieri (séculos XIII e XIV)
Published in Expressing the Divine: Language, Art and Mysticism
Keywords: Dante Alighieri, Devil, Hell, Midle Ages, Ramon Llull.
This article intents to recover the fundamentals elements of the conception of Devil and Hell in the medieval culture, particulary in the 13th and 14th century. We have analized the vision of the Devil and Hell discrived by Ramon Llull (1232-1316) in no Livro das Maravilhas (1288-1289), Doutrina para Crianças (1274-1276) and Livro dos Anjos (1274?-1283?), briefly comparing his conception with Dante Alighieri and his Divina Comédia (1307-1321).
The social and political functions of good knight in the Book of the Knight Order (c. 1279-1283) of Ramon Llull (1232-1316)
Danielle Werneck Nunes and Ricardo da Costa
Original title: As funções sociais e políticas do bom cavaleiro no Livro da Ordem de Cavalaria (c. 1279-1283) de Ramon Llull (1232-1316)
Published in Ramon Llull (1232-1316): the cooperation among different cultures and the inter-religious dialogue
The spirit, the groove of the self in St. Augustine
Giannina BURLANDO
Original title: El espíritu, surco del Yo en san Agustín
Published in Idea and image of royal power of the monarchies in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Augustine, Inside of a man, Self, Spirit.
In Aristotle’s Greek ancient universe it is “a special set of material substances: the ether, the pneuma and the beginning of the transparency and the light, hot or brilliant all of them, all assets and they are not submitted to the qualitative change, which function consists of acting as vehicles and intermediaries across which the immaterial thing relates with all other material things and acts on them. Thereby, the immobile engine acts on the totality of the things by means of the fact of putting in movement the skies consisted of ether, and the soul acts on the body and reports with it by means of the pneuma.” Armstrong noticed that this idea has a great historical importance: it comes from the pre-Socratic thought and constitutes the immediate source of the stoic doctrine of the pneuma, which is one of the essential sources wherefrom there come the ideas of the fire or of the light as the material formative and active principle that we find then in Plotinus, and that for his influence, it will persist in the medieval philosophy. In this occasion we are interested in emphasizing how this current generated in the Greek world will persist in San Augustine's philosophy, although with a difference of emphasis, namely, the way of the self and subjectivity.
