The lexical-figurative textualism on "Los Beatus"
Nora Marcela Gómez
Original title: La Textualidad Léxico-Figurativa en los Beatos
Published in Mirabilia 1
Keywords: Blessed Spanishes, Doom, iconographic autonomy, iconographic independency., simultaneously and dissimilar texts, written and iconographical text.
The Art history of the Middle Age has been commonly based on the statement that the pictorial-sculptural iconography due its representation exclusively to sacred books. This approach reduce the artistic image to just a visual variant of the text, a mere translocation of the printed word to its formal and material representation with divulgation aims for the unlettered, converting this iconography in a dogmatic one. So, the rich and deep value of the images and their omnifunctionality in medieval society has been misjudged. The text Commentarius in Apocalypsin from Beato had huge publicity in the Hispanic world; with further and multiples copies and illustrations over the next centuries. The thirty-two codices from centuries IX to XIII are enough evidence of the great success of the text. This paper will focus on the relation between text and image to check correlations, dissimilarities, autonomous presentiveness, and plastic innovations that defied the logical system of the time. The illuminators of “Los Beatos”, yet still depending on the canonical versicles and on the commiter demands, produced an iconographical-apocalyptic corpus that testimony a creative freedom, an artistic quality, and a masterfulness on the plasticchromatic ways, that enact those codices as an absolutely exceptional and one-of-a-kind iconographic monument from the Art of the Middle Age.
The manual worker cultures: didactic teatrises dedicate to dignify the mechanical tradesThe manual worker cultures: didactic teatrises dedicate to dignify the mechanical trades
Josué VILLA PRIETO
Original title: La cultura de los menestrales: tratados didácticos medievales dedicados a la dignificación de los oficios mecânicos
Published in Medieval and Early Modern Iberian Peninsula Cultural History
Keywords: Francesc Eiximenis, Medieval teatrises, Ramón Llull, Rodrigo Sánchez de Arévalo, Urban trades.
Facing Artes Liberales practiced by intellectuals, experts in Trivium and Quadrivium or doctors in Law or Teology, Artes Mechanicae are exercised by workers through manual practice. In Classical Antiquity they are considered Artes Vulgares, an expression which reflects an underestimation in relation to Artes Liberales. During the Middle Ages, this term is replaced with Artes Mechanicae by philosophers and writers, in order to claim their utility and value in medieval society. This study proposes an interpretative synthesis about speeches dedicated to the classification and dignification the Artes Mechanicae in Spanish teatrises in the Late Medieval period, treatises which are dedicated to issue knowledge and represent the ideal society (Ramón Llull, don Juan Manuel, Francesc Eiximenis, Rodrigo Sánchez de Arévalo) as well in French and Italian authors very known in Iberian Peninsula (Hugh of Saint Victor, Vincent de Beauvais, Ralph of Longchamp, Giles of Rome).
The marriage of Bernat Català de Valleriola: from prison to legitimacy
Carles FENOLLOSA
Original title: El matrimoni de Bernat Català de Valleriola: de la presó a la legitimitat
Published in
Keywords: 16th Century, Catalan Literature, Català de Valeriola, Diaries, Memorialistic, Valencia.
This paper provides a general view of the process involving the marriage of Bernat Català de Valleriola (1568-1607) with Constança Rabassa de Perellós, against the will of his father-in-law Gener Rabassa de Perellós. The process was reflected not only by Valleriola’s diary but also by subsequent lawsuits.
The measure of the Holy Land: the bula Ad Liberandam (1215) and institutionalization of the crusades
Leandro Duarte RUST
Original title: A medida da Terra Santa: a bula Ad Liberandam (1215) e a institucionalização das cruzadas
Published in The Middle Ages and the Crusades
Keywords: Crusade, Innocent III, Institution, Medieval Papacy.
This article presents some reflections on the existing relations between the pontifical politics and the history of the crusades in the early 13th century. We appeal to the analysis of Ad Liberandam, the bulla issued in 1215 by Innocent III to the convening of a new crusade to Jerusalem, in order to demonstrate how the Papacy transformed that notorious military mobilization in an unparalleled opportunity for the exercise and strengthening of the papal government. Through this association, the crusading expeditions were exposed to a vigorous process of institutionalization. This process allowed the Holy See redraws its media for social control and the strategies of domination projected by the popes on the seigniorial society.
The medieval chivalry and the first formation of the James I as chivalry-king in the Llibre dels Fets (c. 1252-1274)
Luciano José Vianna
Original title: A cavalaria medieval e a formação inicial de Jaime I como rei cavaleiro no Llibre dels Fets (c. 1252-1274)
Published in The chivalry and the art of war in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: James I, Llibre dels Fets, chivalry.
The medieval university: a memory
Terezinha Oliveira
Original title: A universidade medieval: uma memória
Published in The educacion and secular culture in the Middle Ages
Keywords: History of Education, Intellectuals, Medieval University, Memory.
In this article, we intend to analyze in general, the origins of the medieval university, considering it as a new place, favorable to the knowledge that participated with the community interests and it was legitimally knew as a fundamental space by the laic and ecclesiastic government. In this study we have based in some studious writers who held good position studying about the medieval university as Savigny, Verger, Steenberghen e Nardi. We believe that the questions treated by the medieval theoretical and what these studying people try to put in relief don’t express only the individual worries, but inquietudes and questions that the society asked in this historic epoch. Through these questions, we look for the origins of University that in other ways is a meaning of asking for the reasons for its existence. But we see in this study a further reach, not only just a look over the medieval. Doing this, we judge to be referring questions concerned to the future too, not thinking that there are the same problems, but because we are talking about the same Institution. In this way, we will be able, at least, to verify how the wise men of that epoch built these spaces that continue being a proper and opportune space for the knowledge. With that when we study the origens of the medieval universities using the historiography and the medieval documents, we are, in the same manner, creating a new memory and a new space of knowledge, established by our problems and our daily relations.
The memory of the plagues in the ancient Kingdom of Valencia: from the marginal note to the centrality (15th-17th century)
Vicent Josep ESCARTÍ
Original title: La memòria de les pestes a l’antic Regne de València: de la nota marginal a la centralitat (s. XV-XVII)
Published in
Keywords: Bertomeu Ribelles, Diaries, Francesc Gavaldà, News, Plague, Vicent Arcaina.
This article takes a look at the Valencian memorial literature that contains information on the different waves of plague, from the 14th to the 17th century. The plague goes from being a “marginal” to a "central" theme. It moved from brief annotations to specific narration, with works such as those by Francesc Gavaldà and Vicent Arcaina. Bartomeu Ribelles, at the end of the 18th century, was the first to make a study of epidemics in Valencia.
The missio ad intra and la missio ad extra in the thought of Ramon Llull
Manuel ORTUÑO ARREGUI
Original title: La missio ad intra y la missio ad extra en el pensamiento de Ramon Llull
Published in Mirabilia Journal 34
Keywords: Missio, Missionary, Ramon Llull, Thought.
In this article we present the thought of Ramon Llull in his literary production about the missio ad intra and missio ad extra, which admits a double meaning to the meaning of mission, and of course, integrates the sense of crusade. Mission and crusade are not two separate realities, but fully integrated. His work must be studied from an overall perspective, because it synthesizes missionary action through a missio ad intra and a missio ad extra that seeks to encompass the entire Mediterranean and European context of his time. This action cannot be traced only in doctrinal works, treatises or proposals to the monarchs or the pontificate, but also in works of a non-Crusader character. In conclusion, Llull’s various works illuminate his idea of mission, which has already been present since his conversion in 1263, and this means that the concept of missio can be integrated into a single sense as missio ad gentes.
The mulier of Saint Isidore of Seville and the Fathers of the Church. Aristolelian configurations
Pedro Carlos Louzada FONSECA
Original title: A mulier de Santo Isidoro de Sevilha e os Padres da Igreja. Configurações aristotélicas
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Aristotle, Fathers of the Church, Middle Ages, Theology and Religious Doctrine.
This article examines the presence of postulates of Ancient Science presented by Aristotle about the anatomy and physiology of the parents in the generation of animals in his book Generatione animalium [Generation of animals], which starts from the biology of the genders to reach ideological values about the male and the female. female, Widespread in the Middle Ages, the teachings of Aristotle influenced the thought and religious literature of the period of the so-called Fathers of the Church. Through comparison, the article traces of this Aristotelian theme in Saint Isidore of Seville, Saint Anselm, and Saint Thomas Aquinas with the critical purpose of concluding that the theology and morals of religious doctrine were in many respects debtors of the classical legacy of Greek Antiquity, very well represented by the well-known Stagirite.
The myth as tool of persuasion in Plato’s Phaedrus
Barbara BOTTER, Rodrigo Danúbio QUEIROZ
Original title: O mito como ferramenta de persuasão no Fedro de Platão
Published in Art, Criticism and Mysticism
Keywords: Myth, Phaedrus, Plato, truth.
The article aims to analyze Plato’s Phaedrus. Centralizes the importance of myth as a persuasion tool to achieve true dialogue. For this, a reflection took place, through dialogue, the structure of the myth; its symbology and the possibility of Plato recognize the limits of philosophical knowledge in wanting to reach the truth. The philosophical argument used by Socrates is based on the myth erotic speech. This discourse, in its mythical route reaches lovers and persuades regarding the definition of the soul, of its participation in the divine and beauty fashion. Therefore, it is evident that Plato recognizes the influence that non-rational world has about the very possibility of understanding the rational statements. The event that takes place in the dialectical movement of his maieutic.
