Jane Bichmacher de GLASMAN

Original title: O Tempo na Cosmovisão Judaica

Published in The Time and the Eternity in the Ancient and Medieval World

Keywords: Calendar, Ecology, Jewish Festivals, Judaism, Shabbat.

Judaism is usually studied and analyzed from several points of view. My purpose, in this text, is to detach the time markers, specially the months of the year and the Shabbat, as characteristic elements in the formation and in the permanence of Jewish tradition, since the origins of universal history up to contemporary, as well as its connection with nature, illustrating like this Jewish worldview through the time dimension.

Andrea Vanina Neyra

Original title: La tradición en la cultura medieval: el Decretum de Burchard de Worms

Published in Mirabilia 3 (2003)

Keywords: autority, canonical collection, tradition.

The principle of tradition and the use of authorities had an important role in medieval Christian culture and its transmission. Burchard of Worms – who was in charge of a bishopric at the beginning of the 11th century – used that context to legitimate his work. He adjudged all the things that were useful and worth from it to God, without looking forward to a personal recognition. However, he is recognized because of the contemporary elements in his jurisdiction, which are mentioned in his work.

Carlile LANZIERI JÚNIOR

Original title: Sob os olhos dos homens de pedra: a importância do método na educação medieval a partir dos escritos de João de Salisbury

Published in

Keywords: Educational Methods, John of Salisbury, Metalogicon, Middle Ages, Modern Pedagogy.

Among the main characteristics that define modern Pedagogy we could mention the taste for novelties and the disregard for educational practices that belong to previous historical periods. In this article, the authors offer an insightful criticism of such elements and offer an overview of the pedagogical practices developed by medieval teachers, in particular by John of Salisbury.

Isabelle VALADE, Luciana CORDO RUSSO, Lee RAYE

Published in Ramon Llull. Seventh centenary

Keywords: Arthurian, Chrétien de Troyes, Medieval Welsh, Owein, Supernatural.

This paper examines supernatural episodes in the story of the Knight of the Lion. The story has closely related versions in French (Yvain, ou le Chevalier au Lion) and in Welsh (Owein: Chwedyl Iarlles y Ffynnawn), which allow for analysis and comparison. Even without assuming which author wrote first, we can still study how each text was adapted differently for audiences in Wales and France. This essay finds eleven episodes across both texts (eight in Yvain and nine in Owein). We categorise the supernatural in these episodes as mirabilia, magicus or miraculosus, after Le Goff, Kieckhefer and Sweeney. Our final analysis shows that miraculosus dominates in the French version, presumably due to a Christianising urge of Chrétien de Troyes which emphasises the agency of God in the text. This is not the case in the Welsh version where mirabilis episodes dominate, and the supernatural elements are kept separate from the religious aspects of the text. This analysis suggests that Welsh audiences were more comfortable with secular episodes of the supernatural than French audiences.