Barbara BOTTER

Original title: Causa e princípio explicativo do ser em Aristóteles (Metafísica VII, 17)

Published in Medieval and Early Modern Iberian Peninsula Cultural History

Keywords: Aristotle, Explanation, Form, Hylemorfism, Metaphysics.

The main topic of this paper is to study the role the form has in constituting composite substances. I will examine the chapter 17 of Metaphysics VII, especially the lines 1041b12-25, who Aristotle uses the example of syllable to show that form is the primary cause of being of sensible substances in that it causes them to be one. The main issue of this investigation is to show that, especially in the last chapter of Metaphysics Zeta, essence is closely identified by Aristotle to the form, which is in charge to transform the material elements into an essential unity and to explain the structure of hylomorphic substances.

Antonio Contreras Martín

Original title: La infancia y adolescencia de un caballero: Galván en la Literatura Artúrica castellana

Published in The chivalry and the art of war in the Ancient and Medieval World

Keywords: Arthurian Castilian Literature, Childhood and Adolescence, Gawain.

Eirini ARTEMI

Published in The Medieval Aesthetics

Keywords: Clement of Alexandria, Hymns, Music, Musical metaphors, Musical myths, New Song, Protrepticus.

Clement of Alexandria or Titus Flavius Clemens was familiar with classical Greek philosophy and literature. When he converted to Christianity, he tried to draw some clear distinctions against the paganism. Many things from paganism were interpreted by a way that serve Christian theology. In Clement of Alexandria’s Protrepticus, the church father tries to explain how the well-known classical music-myths can be used to create the knowledge of a Superior “New Song”. Instead of that, Christians serve the New Song – Jesus in Church and outside the Church, they continue to “amuse themselves with impious playing, and amatory quavering, occupied with flute-playing, and dancing, and intoxication, and all kinds of trash. They who sing thus, and sing in response, are those who before hymned immortality, –found at last wicked and wickedly singing this most pernicious palinode, “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die”. Clement explains that by this way christians remain christians in name so they are dead in God not tomorrow. But not tomorrow in truth, but already, are these dead to God. In this paper, we are going to show that the polemic of Clement Alexandria was not against ancient music and musical instruments, but against the way that they were used by Christians. Also, we will analyse the method that Clement employs the musical metaphors and musical myths in his texts in order to educate Christians and to manage to earn the salvation.

Marcelo Martins BARREIRA

Original title: Comentário de João da Cruz ao verso com ânsias em amores inflamados no segundo livro da Noite Escura

Published in Mystic and Millenarianism in Middle Ages

Keywords: João da Cruz, Love, Medieval Philosophy, Mystic, soul.

The article is about the will in mystical contemplation. From the chapters 11-13 of the John of the Cross’s work entitled The Dark Night. There is in this book a original reading of John of the Cross on the relationship between will and intellect, especially with the "inflammation of love" in the soul.