Organ Procurement Initiatives and the Sacredness of Human Life: A Christian Perspective
Allan H. ROBERTS II
Original title: Iniciativas de Obtenção de Órgãos e Santidade da Vida Humana: Uma Perspectiva Cristã
Published in
Keywords: Organ Donation, Sacredness of Human Life.
The practice of organ procurement for transplantation is deeply engrained in the consciousness of the public worldwide, and is endorsed by most religions including Christianity. With the advent of the life-saving successes of organ transplantation have come a number of ethical issues, including those concerning efforts to balance the needs of potential organ recipients with those of possible organ donors. In this paper, I endorse current organ procurement procedures; I then describe several changes to current practice that have been suggested. I contend that each of these proposed innovations creates an imbalance regarding the Christian tenet of the absolute sacredness of all persons.
Oriental Christianity: the Ethiopian Church in the Middle Ages
Lincoln Etchebéhère JUNIOR and Thiago Pereira de Sousa LEPINSKI
Original title: Cristandade Oriental: a Igreja Etíope na Idade Média
Published in Aristocracy and nobility in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Ethiopia, Ethiopic Church, Monophisism, Solomon Tradition.
The goal of the present communication is to present a study about the Copt Church of Ethiopia, that according to tradition, was born on apostolic times, with Jewish and monophisist influences. Still according to Ethiopic national traditions, this Christian’s would already have found a monotheist people, due to the conversion of the Queen of Sabbath to the mosaic faith, after its biblical meeting with King Solomon. The descendants of Solomon and the Queen of Sabbath would have given origin to the Solomon dynasty. The sovereign of this dynasty was, in the sixteenth century, identified as the legendary Priest John of India.
Origin of the main houses of the manor of Fuentecubierta (Cordoba, Spain)
Fernando MORENO CUADRO
Original title: Origen de las casas principales del señorío de Fuentecubierta (Córdoba, España)
Published in Aristocracy and nobility in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Estate, Fuencubierta, Gómez Suárez de Figueroa, Manor, Ruy Fernández de Córdoba.
One of the most important historic mansions in the city of Cordoba (Spain) is the one known as the Viana Palace, named after the marquises who were the last owners. The mansion’s origins go back to the 14th and 15th centuries, a time when the Lord of Fuencubierta bought a group of old 14th century houses from Teresa Carrillo which had formerly belonged to Leonor López, widow of the Lord Treasurer of Andalusia, Miguel Ruiz, and which he converted into his main residence. The aim of this work is to make a record of the houses during the late Middle Ages in connection with the Fuencubierta Manor and Estate, before it was rebuilt in Renaissance times to become the Estate of the Lords of Villaseca.
Os provérbios medievais em latim e a apropriação da cultura laica pelo discurso religioso – algumas palavras
Álvaro Alfredo Bragança Júnior
Published in The educacion and secular culture in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Classical Antiquity, Ecclesiastical discourse, Medieval latin, Paremiology.
The paremiological discourse in medieval latin shows the scholars a lot of nuances about norms of behaviour and propriety of conduct corresponding to a point of view, supported by the Church. However, this paper aims to present briefly, how topics connected to the Classical Antiquity, as well as to the representation of animals as models of vices and virtues are appropriated by ecclesiastical discourse, which turns secular wisdom and experience into proverbs with explicitly or implicitly purposes.
Pagan syncretism in the Middle Ages: the zodiacal signs
Jesús CANTERA MONTENEGRO, Inmaculada ÁLVAREZ DEL OLMO
Original title: Sincretismo pagano en el medievo: Los signos zodiacales
Published in
Keywords: Astrological Studies, Calendars, Etimologies, Middle Ages, Pagan syncretism, San Isidoro de León, Signs of the Zodiac.
Study of signs of the Zodiac, essential element to understand the calendars configured in books of hours, as in the frescoes of temples, set during this historical period. These calendars were created from the astrological studies for good agricultural work and therefore shall be listed with their respective months, to somehow explain weather phenomena, as well as seasonal changes. A travel through its evolution and transformation since its inception in ancient times, to see its settings in medieval times. Many of them will be modified, either by the current fashion for illustrating images, or the meaning I wanted to give them.
Palaeochristian Art: Mirror of the worldview of the early Christians
Rosa Maria Blanca CEDILHO, Ana Paula Bernardo de SOUSA
Original title: Arte Paleocristã: espelho da visão de mundo dos primeiros cristãos
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Christianity, Iconology, Imperial Rome, Pagan Art, Paleochristian Art.
This research aims to present what are the main aspects of Paleochristian art. This artistic representation was intended to convey the gospel message and educate the followers of this new , who lived between the ages II and IV. However, according to research, it is clear that the Christian themes are mixed with pre-existing pagan art, or with classical art.
Parallelism between the Mahometan intercession and the Llibre del gentil e dels tres savis. Another perspective
Sergi ESPINOSA POLO
Original title: Paral·lelismes entre la intercessió mahometana i el Llibre del gentil e dels tres savis. Una altra perspectiva
Published in
Keywords: Eschatology, Islam, Ramon Llull.
The parliament of the Saracen in the Llibre del gentil e dels tres savis exemplifies Ramon Llull's way of showing us the cultural and religious elements that revolve around Islam. We will see how easy it is to see the degree of fidelity that underlies the parliament of the Saracen if we compare it with the Koran and the Sunna. On the one hand, the Lullian vision of the Islamic religion will be analysed. On the other hand, the aim is to highlight the respectful way in which Ramon Llull treated both the Muslims in his work and Islam, which was far removed from the aspirations of the time.
Patient Safety: distance learning as a teaching-learning strategy
Rosana ALVES, Ana Claudia Camargo Gonçalves GERMANI, Francis Solange Vieira TOURINHO, Siulmara Cristina GALERA, Andréa Aparecida CONTINI, Sandra Rosa Sponchiado GASPARINI, Gustavo Salata ROMÃO
Original title: Segurança do Paciente: educação à distância como estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem
Published in
Keywords: Health System, Healthcare, Patient Safety.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that care-related assistance errors determine damage affecting thousands of individuals around the world. The error leads to permanent damage or even death; and also leads to an increase in hospitalization time and also to financial costs (WHO, 2008) 1. A number of measures have been taken, based on the report " To Err is Human: building a safer health system" (19992), which referred to errors related to health care assistance. In Brazil, the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance - ANVISA (2011) 3 reinforces the objective of avoiding harm to patients, and considers the error as a human condition, being an opportunity to get to know, learn and prevent errors in health services. In this direction, the Patient Safety has been widely discussed among professional health classes and also in the scientific environment, however there are gaps between the translation of knowledge to the practice of health professionals. The objectives were to raise awareness among teachers of the health professions on the issue of Patient Safety, to disseminate knowledge about the subject, to present and discuss the National Patient Safety Program (NPSP), through a Distance Learning Course (DLC) using the Moodle Platform. The DLC course was set up in three blocks and course evaluation. Teachers in the health area of several College Education Institutions were the target audience. Each block, with an average of 10 days, provided scientific articles and videos as material for consultation. Each block also presented a task followed by collective or individual feedback. The participant can contribute at any time, even after the deadline established. The 1st Block presented a video of the World Health Organization on "Patient Safety", the task being the discussion in the Forum. The 2nd Block was based on the analysis of photos of patient's risk situations. Finally, the 3rd Block requested the proper application of the Clinical Simulation to its course reality, considering the goals of the NPSP. On average, 35 teachers (from a target audience of 50) took part in all course activities. The Content analysis, according to Bardin, of the posts in the Block 1 from the Forum, demonstrated teachers' facilities and difficulties in promoting Patient Safety in their daily activities. In Block 2, was realized the questionnaire of the photos analysis. The feedback counted with the correct responses based on the NPSP (where most detected the error) and a consolidated response of participants. In Block 3, the video analysis about simulation and participation in the forum reinforced the importance of implementing activities or scenarios of simulated practice where the teaching-learning process in Patient Safety could be addressed, with aspects focused on the application of the NPSP. We consider that we have achieved the previously established objectives, since: 1) it was possible to present and discuss the NPSP; 2) there was a stimulus to the reflexive process on the applicability of the Patient Safety guidelines through photographic analysis; 3) the application of the knowledge to each participant's work environment was encouraged.
Pedro I and Enrique II of Castile: the construction of a monstrous king and the legitimization of a usurper in the Chronicle of Chancellor Ayala
Cecilia DEVIA
Original title: Pedro I y Enrique II de Castilla: la construcción de un rey monstruoso y la legitimación de un usurpador en la Crónica del canciller Ayala
Published in Relations between History and Literature in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Castile, Chronicles, Enrique II of Castile, Late Middle Ages, Pedro I of Castile, Violence.
To justify the confrontation between Pedro I and Enrique II of Castile, culminating in the murder of an unquestionably legitimate king in hands of his usurper brother, the chronicler Pero Lopez de Ayala build gradually a negative and somehow monstrous of Pedro I. Meanwhile, he attempts to prove that the count of Trastámara does not dethrones Pedro because of a personal ambition and breaking the rules, instead, he seems to be prevented to carry out with the mission of saving the kingdom from the terrible ills caused by the monstrous actions of his stepbrother. We will analyze the dichotomy between the negative and irrational portrait that Chancellor Ayala, one of the biggest responsible for that Pedro will be remembered as “Rey Cruel”- builds with skill, and what the practices he reveals says themselves. A meticulous scrutiny of the documents reveals a policy of regional power building through practices in which different functions of violence. Ware involved: economic, socializing, with exchange, symbolic, of justice, foundational, cultural, etc. We present here what might be called a cross dichotomy, which would face two internally contradictories terms: a monstrous but legitimate king against a usurper who is a providence’s instrument. What the construction realized by the trastamarist propaganda would have made, which from the chancellor Ayala would be the most brilliant exponent, is the conversion of a legitimate king in a illegitimate one, by nature of its own monstrosity, and the conversion of a usurper who -as shows the definition itself, is illegitimate- in a legitimate king, in function of the realization of a divine mission.
Perfumes and Christendom
Patricia Grau-Dieckmann
Original title: Los Perfumes en el Cristianismo
Published in Mirabilia 3 (2003)
Keywords: Christendom, aromas, incense, myrrh, perfumes, spikenard.
In several religions, pleasant smells –perfumes– play an important role in the rites and in the liturgy, during meditation and in the prayers, while communing with the divinities. Christianity did not keep aside from this practice but infused it with a new signification. Christ Himself entered in contact with the most valuable perfumes since his early childhood. The incense and the myrrh offered by the wise men from Orient, the oil of spikenard and the funeral oils used to anoint His body mark only the initiation of a relation with the aromas which will flourish in Jesus Christ’s legacy for the many centuries in which Christendom was formed and consolidated.
