Severan Emperors and the Approximation with Antoninans’ Image
Ana Teresa Marques Gonçalves
Original title: Os Imperadores Severos e a Aproximação com as Imagens dos Antonino
Published in Mirabilia 3 (2003)
Keywords: Emperor, Roma, Severan Age.
The objective of this article is to analyse the approximation of the Severan Emperors with the images utilized for the Antoninan rulers, using the informations of the Herodian, Cassius Dio, Sextus Aurelius Victor, Flavius Eutropius’ books, the Historia Augusta, Epitome de Caesaribus, inscriptions and coins.
Sketch of a transcendental lulian's ethic
Ciléa Dourado
Original title: Esboço de uma ética universal luliana
Published in Mirabilia 1
Keywords: Be, Ethic, Ramon Llull, Trinity., Virtue.
For Lúlio man is the “ humanizing animal” (the one that humanize his context), the only one that while participating in the matter and form of the universe he builds himself. The psychic virtue that endows the rational soul of memory, understanding and will is the space where the conscience and the first cause of the human self-determination are forged. The basis of the Lullian universal and transcendental ethics is that all men of any race or belief possess the trinitary virtue which supports them on being, as well as all of them are able to think, to understand and to love. This doesn’t mean a rupture with the divine, because it is God who keeps each creature on being, consequently He is inner its actions. It means a new vision of God as the one that enables the human essence and contributes updating human perfection. Since I have the freedom to accomplish it that improves me on being, I can use this freedom in a wrong way and go against being. The bad use of freedom depreciates willing, that doesn’t follow understanding, allowong vice to fix. The vicious abominates his being and ignores he is in the Evil, because without the illumination of virtue, the memory doesn’t meditate, understanding doesn’t understand and willing.
Sodomites before the Inquisition
Rocío RODRÍGUEZ SÁNCHEZ
Original title: Los sodomitas ante la Inquisición
Published in Mirabilia Journal
Keywords: Inquisition, Sodomy, Spain.
Sodomy in the kingdoms of Spain was punishable by burning, according to civil laws. Only in the Crown of Aragon did the Inquisition in the courts of Barcelona, Valencia and Zaragoza. Those guilty of heinous sin were tortured, burned at the stake, publicly flogged, sent to galleys, or exiled. Many tried to get rid of these punishments by presenting the most diverse and incredible excuses.
Soissons: the stone builds the Marian faith (The Cantiga 53 of Cantigas de Santa Maria by Afonso X)
Bárbara DANTAS
Original title: Soissons: a pedra edifica a fé mariana (a Cantiga 53 das Cantigas de Santa Maria de Afonso X)
Published in Mirabilia Journal
Keywords: Alfonso X, Cantigas de Santa María, Middle Ages, Soissons Cathedral.
Alfonso X, sovereign of the peninsular kingdoms of León and Castilla, honored the fame of the kings of the medieval West of the 13th century and dedicated much of his time and money to promoting the arts, sciences and Marian cult. One of the ways to unite all these initiatives was the creation of the Cantigas de Santa María, a set of hundreds of stories of miracles and praises to the Virgin Mary, in which another hundred full-page illuminations are recorded. This work will focus on Cantiga 53 and aims to show the technical development implemented by gothic architects, as well as the syncretism between the French and peninsular kingdoms with regard to cathedral architecture, for the example of Soissons Cathedral.
Some Appointments about the Germans in Didatic Books of History
Andréia Cristina Lopes Frazão da Silva
Original title: Alguns Apontamentos Acerca dos Germanos nos Livros Didáticos de História no Brasil
Published in Mirabilia 4
Keywords: Didactic book, Germans, Teaching of History.
Starting from the analysis of content of six didactic books of history, used in the fundamental and medium teaching in Brazil, we looked for to verify and to analyze as such works characterize the germans.
Some Thoughts on the Sphinx’s Symbolism
Cristóbal MACÍAS VILLALOBOS
Original title: Algunas consideraciones sobre el simbolismo de la Esfinge
Published in Emotions in the Ancient and Medieval Mediterranean World
Keywords: Femme Fatale, Oedipus, Riddle of the Sphinx, Sphinx, Symbolism.
The Greek Sphinx, probably of Egyptian origin, was known in Antiquity not only as a funeral spirit and guardian of tombs, but especially as that creature who dares to ask Oedipus a question about the nature of human identity. This dialectic encounter between hero and beast has been interpreted in many different ways, giving rise to a rich symbolic tradition that extends almost to the present day. This paper presents some key moments of this tradition in both literature and art.
Sor Juana and Proba: A Model of Translation
Antonio CORTIJO OCAÑA
Original title: Sor Juana y Proba. Un modelo de translatio
Published in Emotions in the Ancient and Medieval Mediterranean World
Keywords: Christianity, Faltona Betitia Proba, Feminism, Paganism, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz.
The female Roman writer Betitia Proba wrote several works in which she tried to provide a cultural bridge between Pagan and Christian letters. For it, she received the criticism of Saint Jerome, among others. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, a Mexican nun and writer used the example of Proba in many of her writings. This article contends that Sor Juana claimed a second Proba in the Mexican literary milieu of the 17th century in order to defend her rights as a female intellectual.
State, nation and national feeling in the Late Middle Ages
Guillem CHISMOL
Original title: Estado, nación y sentimiento nacional en la Baja Edad Media
Published in
Keywords: Historiography, Middle Ages, Modern State, Nation, Taxation.
The article analyses the formation of the modern state during the later middle ages (13th-15th centuries) in Western Europe. It links the formation of this to the elites close to the monarch with the deployment of complex strategies of collective identification of the notables with the monarchy, the country and the national community. Attention is also given to the materiality of the State, present through permanent taxation, which in turn generated national feelings.
Strategies of alliance and social reproduction in Leon medieval aristocracy: the Flaínez (10th-11th centuries)
Mariel V. PÉREZ
Original title: Estrategias de alianza y reproducción social en la aristocracia medieval leonesa: los Flaínez (siglos X-XI)
Published in Aristocracy and nobility in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Alliance, Aristocracy, Kingdom of Leon, Social reproduction.
In this article we will analyze the strategies of alliance of Leon medieval aristocracy, with the intention of revealing the important function they carried out in the social reproduction of the ruling class. We will focus the study in the Flaínez family, one of the most eminent aristocratic groups in the Kingdom of León during the 10th and 11th centuries.
Super Incontinentia Clericorum. A historical note about the Cántica de los clérigos de Talavera
Estefanía BERNABÉ
Original title: Super Incontinentia Clericorum: Un apunte histórico sobre la Cántica de los clérigos de Talavera
Published in Relations between History and Literature in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Celibacy, Clerisy, Concubinage, Libro de Buen Amor, Morality.
In the Libro de Buen Amor, written in the XIV century by Juan Ruiz, Archpriest of Hita, we find one of the best critical sources to observe the behavior of the late-medieval Spanish clerisy; through fiction, the book acts as an outstanding historical document when trying to approach their concept of celibacy. The part of the Libro that we hereby analyze, the Cántica de los clérigos de Talavera, clearly of goliardic accent, sets out the protest of the archdiocese of Toledo before the establishment of the obligatory celibacy. In this article, we outline a note about the historical development of the celibacy in the peninsula departing from the satirical approach of the Libro.
