Article
-
Social Relations of Prior Vasco de Ataíde: The Priory of Crato of the Order of the Hospital from 1453 to 1491
Dirceu Marchini NETO
Original title: As Relações Sociais do Prior D. Vasco de Ataíde: o Priorado do Crato da Ordem do Hospital de 1453 a 1491
Published in Manifestations of the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Battle of Toro, Order of the Hospital, Portugal, Priory of Crato, Vasco de Ataíde.
This article analyzes the social relations that involved the Priory of Crato of the Order of the Hospital in the days of D. Vasco de Ataíde, between the years 1453-1491. The Priory of Crato was the Portuguese branch of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, a religious and military order. The text presents a study about the family Ataíde, about the bond of this family with the kings that governed Portugal during the analyzed period. It also presents an analysis of the people who composed the prior's house of this prior and the alliance made between D. Vasco de Ataíde and the hospitaller prior of Castile on the occasion of the Battle of Toro.
-
The access to Being through Beauty. Notes on the beauty of the world according to Bonaventura
Gerald CRESTA
Original title: El acceso al Ser a través de la Belleza. Notas sobre la belleza del mundo según Buenaventura
Published in Manifestations of the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Beauty, Being, Knowledge of Beauty, Transcendentals.
From the perspective of the transcendental concepts of being, beauty has been submitted to occupy a place that has promote discussions on its legitimacy among the other transcategorial concepts. One aspect of this debate reflects the importance of the beauty in the world as a way of privileged access to understanding of being. Along with the perfect Unity, inescapable from the platonic conception of Ideas, beauty is in the medieval scholastic an order that shines forth in the diverse multiplicity of bodies. In this way, presents a formal intrinsic quality that allows it’s to transmit to perception – sensorial and intellectual – the Intime frame which is the ontological structure of the world. This paper points some distinctive notes of that symbolic nature in the way that is considered under the Bonaventura conception of the world.
-
John of Damascus and the use of the letters of Paul in his writing An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith
Eirini ARTEMI
Published in Manifestations of the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Adam, Christology, John Damascenes, Moses, Orthodox Faith, Paul’s theology, Son of God.
In this paper, we are going to present how John Damascenes used the Pauline Literature to make the treatise An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith, mainly the part of Christology. John uses the Pauline epistles in order to speak about the Deity. God gives us the ability to know Him through a mirror. John uses more texts from Paul's epistles than texts of other Church fathers. The passages from epistles are the base for the development of John's dogmatic teaching and arguments. So, by this way, we will reach to the conclusions that the main points in the teaching of John's this work are the some of the main points in the theology of St. Paul mainly. The sin of Adam, and each one’s personal sins, all men are sinners and in need of redemption. In order to save mankind, God sent his Son into the world, born of a woman. Christ communicates his grace and justifies all who believe in him, and are baptized. Christ's grace includes the sending of the Holy Spirit, which constitutes the believer as an adopted child of God. Jesus is the fulfilment of all the prophecies of the Old Testament, and has established a New Covenant to replace that of Moses; therefore, Christians are not bound by the ceremonial and dietary laws, and circumcision, contained in the Law of Moses. This insight of Paul made Christianity into a religion open to all people.
-
The Sasanian Tradition in ʽAbbāsid Art: squinch fragmentation as The structural origin of the muqarnas
Alicia CARRILLO
Published in Isabel de Villena (1430-1490)
Keywords: Islamic architecture, Middle Ages, Muqarnas, Sasanian, Tripartite squinches, ʽAbbāsid Caliphate.
Islamic architecture presents a three-dimensional decoration system known as muqarnas. An original system created in the Near East between the second/eighth and the fourth/tenth centuries due to the fragmentation of the squinche, but it was in the fourth/eleventh century when it turned into a basic element, not only all along the Islamic territory but also in the Islamic vocabulary. However, the origin and shape of muqarnas has not been thoroughly considered by Historiography. This research tries to prove the importance of Sasanian Art in the aesthetics creation of muqarnas.
-
Another Manner of Humanistic Literature during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries: the vitae Christi by Isabel de Villena and Cristóbal de Fonseca
Roxana RECIO
Original title: Otra forma de literatura humanística de los siglos XV y XVI: las vitae Christi de Isabel de Villena y Cristóbal de Fonseca
Published in Isabel de Villena (1430-1490)
Keywords: Franciscan literature, Isabel de Villena, Vita Christi.
This article analyzes the vitae Christi written by Isabel de Villena (fifteenth century) and Cristobal de Fonseca (sixteenth century) from the the point of view of the European tradition and the reform brought about by the Franciscan order, which was in favor of reaching the people in the vernacular. Issues such as alleged femininity, use of popular language with sentimental overtones, dependence on fictions from different periods, debt to specific sources, and structuring works with a specific reader in mind are examined. After reviewing twelve specific points on those two works, it is concluded that, while not denying the enormous importance of Fonseca’s work, Isabel de Villena, institutes a literary manner that will become fundamental in the development of religious narrative in the Iberian peninsula.
-
Height, fall and rebirth of the Carolingian exegetical tradition. Comments regarding the transmission of the Benedictine culture between centuries VIII and XX
Alfonso M. HERNÁNDEZ RODRÍGUEZ
Original title: Auge, caída y renacimiento de la tradición exegética carolingia. Observaciones sobre la transmisión de la cultura benedictina entre los siglos VIII y XX
Published in Medieval and Early Modern Iberian Peninsula Cultural History
Keywords: Benedictine culture, Biblical exegesis, High Middle Ages, Maurists.
During the High the Middle Ages the main centers of thought were, or were influenced, by the cultural and theological tradition of the monasteries. The Carolingian biblical exegesis belongs to that tradition. This study explores the becoming of the exegetical texts that forms that tradition, from its production to its modern use as sources for the study of early medieval culture during the twentieth century.
-
Garcia de Resende’s Cancioneiro Geral: feast and theatricality, a space for the exaltation of the self
Geraldo Augusto FERNANDES
Original title: O Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de Resende (1470-1536): festa e teatralidade, um espaço para a exaltação do “eu”
Published in Medieval and Early Modern Iberian Peninsula Cultural History
Keywords: Courtly poetry, Exaltation of the self, Garcia de Resende’s songbook, Room and palace, Sociability.
The Portuguese poetry of the XVth and XVIth centuries is denominated courtly poetry due to the fact that it was in the palace that nobles and courtesans got together for rejoice and cultural changes – not only that of Portugal but also of its neighbor, Castile. After the poetry composed by troubadours in the previous centuries, the poetry of the Fourteenth and the Fifteenth will portrait the culture and sociability of a country where the maritime Discoveries will point out the richness and ostentation, because of an economy in expansion. Garcia de Resende’s Cancioneiro Geral, a compilation of 880 poems from 1459 to 1516, is considered a historical document in verses which registers the beginning of the greatness of Portugal.
-
The Dialogue on the edge: the Librum disputationis Petri et Raimundi phantastici (1311)
Ricardo da COSTA
Original title: O Diálogo no limite: “A disputa entre Pedro e Ramon, o superfantástico” (1311)
Published in Medieval and Early Modern Iberian Peninsula Cultural History
Keywords: Disputatio, Medieval Art, Medieval Philosophy, Ramon Llull.
The purpose of this conference is to present the phylosophical debate between Pedro and Ramon Llull (Librum disputationis Petri et Raimundi phantastici), and analyze the limits of the medieval dialogue. Debate or conversion? We intend to discuss the parameters of medieval dialogue lulian, aspects that led our author to the most extreme fantasies of literary-philosophical dialogue: the dramatization of the conflict between ideals and realistic attitudes. In addition, we intend to do a iconographic analysis of one of the most famous artistic representations of Ramon Llull: “The rear of the army and relief of Mr. Ramon Llull of Majorca to destroy the tower of falsehood and ignorance”, seventh miniature from Breviculum (1325).
-
The Christ and the History: a dialectical perspective of the Christological quarrels
José Pedro LUCHI, Helio Pedro Pretti PERIM
Original title: O Cristo e a História: uma perspectiva dialética das querelas cristológicas
Published in Art, Criticism and Mysticism
Keywords: Christology, Councils, Dialectic, Incarnation, Katabasis.
This research atempts to trace the progress of the historical and theological comprehension of the Person of Christ by exposing the positions risen before Nicea, as well as those developed during the first four ecumenic councils, in order to investigate the competence of the formulae throughout achieved. Two major works will be of aid to this quest, namely The Ecumenical Councils, by the historian Hubert Jedin, and The Incarnation of Christ, by the philosopher and theologian Hans Küng, which assumes the dinamics of the Hegelian dialect all along his work. The concepts of katabasis and anabasis, both borrowed from the mythological analysis tradition, will be summoned to the actual research and resignified by their new usage in the Judaeo-Christian theodissey. Concepts whose meanings are broadly urdestood in the Christian context like kenosis, incarnation and humanization will also be utilized. The research will climax in the Council of Chalcedon, the one in which the ultimate definition of Christ’s nature was arranged. It’s formula is crucial to understand the relationship between Jesus, God and man in the subsequent medieval thought.
-
The Aesthetics of the Interpretation of Dreams
José Eduardo Costa SILVA, Ernesto HARTMANN
Original title: A Estética da Interpretação dos Sonhos
Published in Art, Criticism and Mysticism
Keywords: Aesthetics, Freud., The Interpretation of Dreams.
This paper presents a philosophical study of the tensions and interconections between Aesthetics and Logic in The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). We wish to demonstrate how Freud in this text which is strategic for the establishment of psychoanalytic praxis and that resonates in contemporary artistic movements, establishes a method supported in the accuracy of observation and logic and, at the same time, invocates in aid to this method notions of representation, form, content and unit, seemingly opposing thus the idealist philosophical tradition, historically founded in the distinction between the intelligible and the sensible.
