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A Proposal for a Universal Science in Ars Brevis (1308) by Ramon Llull

Fabricia dos Santos GIUBERTI

Original title: A Proposta de uma Ciência Universal na Arte Breve (1308) de Ramon Llull

Published in Nicholas of Cusa in Dialogue 

Keywords: Art, Medieval Philosophy, Ramon Llull, Science.

As a passionate follower of Ramon Llull, Nicolau de Cusa, had in his personal library, several works of Catalan philosopher. One version of Art Llull which had spread over the centuries following his death was the Art Brief (1308) precisely because it is a simplification of his proposals to create a universal science idea as to suit modern thought still in gestation. The purpose of this issue is to present the general structure of his art, as the Mallorcan went down to posterity as an original innovator of medieval proposals unification of all sciences.

Ascensio in Deum per vestigia et in vestigiis. The St. Bonaventure’s immanent Aesthetics and its possible reflections in the iconography of the Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi

José María SALVADOR GONZÁLEZ

Original title: Ascensio in Deum per vestigia et in vestigiis. La Estética inmanente de San Buenaventura y sus posibles reflejos en la iconografía de la Basílica de San Francisco en Asís

Published in Monastic and Scholastic Philosophy in the Middle Ages

Keywords: Aesthetics, Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi, Created world, God, Iconography, Medieval Philosophy, St. Bonaventure, Vestige.

In his Itinerarium mentis in Deum (1259), St. Bonaventure (1221-1274) discusses the six degrees (with a seventh of ecstatic enjoyment) by which man can and should ascend from the created world to contemplate God. In this paper we will analyze only the first two grades of this Itinerarium, which constitute both of them what we might call the “immanent aesthetic” of St. Bonaventure. Highlighting then two of the central theses of this “immanent aesthetic”, we shall try to show the possible reflections that these theses may have had in the iconography of some frescoes in the Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi.

Body and Image in teaching of Medieval Philosophy

Libertad MARTINEZ LARRAÑAGA

Original title: El cuerpo y la imagen en la enseñanza de la Filosofía Medieval

Published in The Medieval Aesthetics

Keywords: Body, Image, Medieval Philosophy, Monotheistic creationism, Platonic dualism, Teaching, Theory of incarnation.

This paper describes a teaching experience developed as a teaching assistant of Medieval Philosophy at the College of Humanities – UNMDP, where the concepts of body and conforming and disconforming image were presented according to the theories of contemporary philosopher J. M. Schaeffer. This author seeks to explain the importance of the image in Western cultural tradition for its association with the body, an association that occurs in the medieval period from the synergy between three sources of thought: Platonic dualism, monotheistic creationism and the theory of incarnation. The lesson topic was specially chosen to present a contemporary elaboration on a medieval theme, and at the same time to perform a significant teaching experience with the use of images –both from the analyzed period and contemporary. Students were asked to analize aestheticaly and philosophicaly those images, with argumentative clarity, adequate use of the concepts developed in class and elements of visual language.

Commentary of João da Cruz about the verse “With thirst in inflammables loves” in the second book of Dark Night

Marcelo Martins BARREIRA

Original title: Comentário de João da Cruz ao verso com ânsias em amores inflamados no segundo livro da Noite Escura

Published in Mystic and Millenarianism in Middle Ages

Keywords: João da Cruz, Love, Medieval Philosophy, Mystic, soul.

The article is about the will in mystical contemplation. From the chapters 11-13 of the John of the Cross’s work entitled The Dark Night. There is in this book a original reading of John of the Cross on the relationship between will and intellect, especially with the "inflammation of love" in the soul.

Nosce teipsum in Ramon Llull’s work

Jaume MEDINA

Original title: Nosce teipsum en l’obra de Ramon Llull

Published in Ramon Llull. Seventh centenary

Keywords: Anthropology, Catalan Literature, Ethics, Medieval Philosophy, Middel Ages, Ramon Llull, Theology.

Even though the presence of the Delphic precept «γνῶθι σαυτόν» («nosce teipsum») in Ramon Llull’s work is scarce, the research done in the present study reaches a twofold conclusion: firstly, the master's knowledge of the precept; secondly, the importance he gave to it in some central passages of his production.

Reasoned Discussion in Scholasticism Philosophy

João Eduardo Pinto Basto LUPI

Original title: O método de argumentação na Filosofia Escolástica

Published in Monastic and Scholastic Philosophy in the Middle Ages

Keywords: Argument, Medieval Philosophy, Method, Scholasticism.

Philosophy, as it was developed in medieval Universities, was methodological structured in a didatic way, which named Philosophy as Scholastic. This method was not created at the same time as Universities, but it has been formed along the existence of Philosophy. Practically all previous methods of research and exposition merged in Scholastic Philosophy, but a new organization joined them in a peculiar form, thus establishing Philosophy and Theology as sciences.

Suger (1081-1151) and the spiritual work at the Abbey of Saint-Denis (12th century)

Tainah Moreira NEVES

Published in

Keywords: Abbey of Saint-Denis, Gothic Architecture, Medieval Philosophy, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, Suger of Saint-Denis.

This essay analyses Abbot Suger’s (1081-1151) spiritual work at the rebuilding of the entrance and the choir of the Abbey of Saint-Denis (1130/1137-1144). We based our research on his writings On the Consecration of the Church of Saint-Denis and On What Was Done under His Administration, as well as on the theology of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. Furthermore, the remnant physical structure of the church was analysed to strengthen the concepts advocated by the Abbot of Saint-Denis. Our intention was to demonstrate that in supervising the rebuilding of his abbey, Suger used Art and Architecture to communicate his spiritual beliefs based on the metaphysics of the light: the spirits would ascend from the material world, thanks to Christian contemplation, to the immaterial world, towards the Light.

The Dialogue on the edge: the Librum disputationis Petri et Raimundi phantastici (1311)

Ricardo da COSTA

Original title: O Diálogo no limite: “A disputa entre Pedro e Ramon, o superfantástico” (1311)

Published in Medieval and Early Modern Iberian Peninsula Cultural History

Keywords: Disputatio, Medieval Art, Medieval Philosophy, Ramon Llull.

The purpose of this conference is to present the phylosophical debate between Pedro and Ramon Llull (Librum disputationis Petri et Raimundi phantastici), and analyze the limits of the medieval dialogue. Debate or conversion? We intend to discuss the parameters of medieval dialogue lulian, aspects that led our author to the most extreme fantasies of literary-philosophical dialogue: the dramatization of the conflict between ideals and realistic attitudes. In addition, we intend to do a iconographic analysis of one of the most famous artistic representations of Ramon Llull: “The rear of the army and relief of Mr. Ramon Llull of Majorca to destroy the tower of falsehood and ignorance”, seventh miniature from Breviculum (1325).

The Double Effect Doctrine in Thomas Aquinas’ Just War

Marco Alexandre RIBEIRO

Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)  

Keywords: Culture and mentalities, Ethics of/in War, Medieval Philosophy, Thomism.

The use of war to expand the limits of Christianity or the limits of the power of the Christian Church was, from an early age, regular. This theme, which over the centuries has been the subject of intense debates among intellectuals who tried to justify the morality of this war or, by contrast, served to develop various attacks on the Church, is the focus of the present work. In this way, we seek to understand here the development of the concept of just war in St. Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologiae, it’s way of justifying the use of war, the moments when its use is legitimate, the applicability of the Double Effect Doctrine in this concept and also the influence that his thought exercised on chronologically closer thinkers, but also contemporary philosophy, using to this purpose, the work of Elizabeth Anscombe, a striking figure in twentieth-century philosophy, to understand the pertinence of the medieval theologian thought in this matter.

The Envy in Curial and Güelfa and its representation in the Middle Ages autumn art

Ricardo da COSTA, Armando Alexandre dos SANTOS

Original title: A Inveja em Curial e Guelfa e sua representação na arte do outono da Idade Média

Published in Art, Criticism and Mysticism

Keywords: Capital Sins, Medieval Art, Medieval Philosophy, Medieval Theology.

In the anonymous chivalric novel Curial and Guelfa (XVth century), the Envy, one of the seven capital sins of the Medieval Septenary, offers a literary background (but also a philosophical-moral one) and is the foundation of both the plot teatralization and the characters poetic construction. As a recurrent theme in Medieval Philosophy, Theology and Homiletics, therefore, the Envy can also be considered as the novel’s leitmotiv. The purpose of this work is to present some initial remarks concerning this theme in Curial and Guelfa, and especially, relate it to some artistic representations of Envy in the period, such as, for example, the Arena Chapel Fresco (1308) of Giotto di Bondone (c. 1266-1337), The Last Judgement (c. 1393), of Taddeo di Bartolo (c. 1362-1422), besides, naturally, the famous iconographic representation of the theme by Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450-1516): The Seven Capital Sins (c. 1485). To this purpose, our analysis will be methodologically based on the literary narrative method of Johan Huizinga (1872-1945), as exposed in his classic The Autumn of the Middle Ages (1919).

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