Black Death and eschatology: the effects of the attendance of death on 14th century religiosity
Tamara QUÍRICO
Original title: Peste Negra e escatologia: os efeitos da expectativa da morte sobre a religiosidade do século XIV
Published in Mystic and Millenarianism in Middle Ages
Keywords: Black Death, Eschatology, Italy, Religiosity.
This article shall discuss in which ways the Black Death of 1348 (as well as the recurrent outbreaks of the epidemic until the end of the century and even after) created an atmosphere of pessimism and fear, and how the apprehension of an imminent death and of the proximity of the end of the world engendered changes also in religious practices. For methodological reasons, the analysis shall focus on the Italian Peninsula, although specific examples from other areas may also be mentioned.
Iranian origins of millenialism
Edrisi FERNANDES
Original title: As origens iranianas do milenarismo
Published in Mystic and Millenarianism in Middle Ages
Keywords: Apocalypticism, Eschatology, Millennialism, Zoroastrianism, Zurvanism.
This essay consists in a critical evaluation of the Iranian contribution to the origins of Judaeo-Christian millennialism through Zoroastrianism and Zurvanism. With that aim, the beginnings of Iranian millennialism with Zarathustra (Zoroaster) are reviewed, and the reason for the creation of finite time, as well as its function as a bridge to the coming epoch of unlimited time, are analysed. Some aspects of the Greek reception and transmission of Iranian eschatological ideas are briefly discussed; the relation between Zoroastrian millennialism and soteriology is evaluated, and finally some traces of the lasting western heritage of Zoroastrian apocalypticism are pointed out.
Millenarianism in Joachim of Fiore and Antonio Vieira
Noeli Dutra ROSSATTO and Marcus DE MARTINI
Original title: Milenarismo em Joaquim de Fiore e Antônio Vieira
Published in Mystic and Millenarianism in Middle Ages
Keywords: Antonio Vieira, Eschatology, Hermeneutic, History, Joachim of Fiore.
This article aims at analyzing the presence of millenarianism in the works of Joachim of Fiore (c. 1132-1202) and Father Antonio Vieira (1608- 1697). First of all, one shows that there is not properly a millenarianism in Joachim’s works, and that the millenarianism attributed to him comes from the Spiritual Franciscans, the Jesuits and also from some apocryphal texts unduly attributed to him. Based on that, secondly, one points out just an indirect relation between Vieira and Joachim, since, besides the fact that the latter was not millenarian, the Portuguese Jesuit did not ground his prophetical ideas on the abbot’s authentic works. Hence Vieira’s millenarianism, very often related to the abbot’s thought by the critics, would be derived from Joachite circles and some pseudo-Joachite texts.
Paradise (c. 1551-1554) as royal scenery: approach to La Gloria, by Titian, in the historical-biographical context of Charles V
Carlos Jesús SOSA RUBIO
Original title: El Paraíso (c. 1551-1554) como escenografía regia: aproximación a La Gloria, de Tiziano, en el contexto histórico-biográfico de Carlos V
Published in Returning to Eden
Keywords: Arianism, Charles V, Eschatology, Iconography, Propaganda, Religious Conflicts, Titian.
La Gloria, also called Il Paradiso by Tiziano Vecellio, its author, is perhaps the greatest pictorial creation that the Venetian created during his last years of service to Emperor Charles V. Although it has been defined as a work where the coexistence of the theological, eschatological and dynastic factors reaches the character of a paradigm, and even though its greatness goes beyond the format, there are still numerous doubts that hang around it, fundamentally related to the motif represented, the identity of quite a few characters and the reasons that led to their commission. This research compiles and expands some of the assessments made throughout the history of the canvas, trying to shed a light on doubtful aspects and, along with the religious and private motivations as the driving force of its commission, also allude to those of ideological roots, given the context of religious wars and turbulence of faith in which Titian executed his creation.
Parallelism between the Mahometan intercession and the Llibre del gentil e dels tres savis. Another perspective
Sergi ESPINOSA POLO
Original title: Paral·lelismes entre la intercessió mahometana i el Llibre del gentil e dels tres savis. Una altra perspectiva
Published in
Keywords: Eschatology, Islam, Ramon Llull.
The parliament of the Saracen in the Llibre del gentil e dels tres savis exemplifies Ramon Llull's way of showing us the cultural and religious elements that revolve around Islam. We will see how easy it is to see the degree of fidelity that underlies the parliament of the Saracen if we compare it with the Koran and the Sunna. On the one hand, the Lullian vision of the Islamic religion will be analysed. On the other hand, the aim is to highlight the respectful way in which Ramon Llull treated both the Muslims in his work and Islam, which was far removed from the aspirations of the time.
The Lectura super Apocalipsim of Peter John Olivi
Márcio Paulo CENCI
Original title: A Lectura super Apocalipsim de Pedro João Olivi
Published in Mystic and Millenarianism in Middle Ages
Keywords: Eschatology, Franciscan Thought, Hermeneutics, Peter John Olivi, Revelation.
The Lectura super Apocalipsim (1297) of Peter John Olivi is one of more important books of Philosophy and Theology of History at 13th century, and have made very much influence at the begins 14th century. Here are the indications, presuppositions, some matters and the influences of that interpretation's Olivi. Further, with more attention the topic on the scatological function of Francis of Assisi, as the Angle of the sixth seal, from a concordance principle of the life of him with the life of Christ.
