From the Cantigas de Amor to the Cantigas de Santa Maria: The Appellatives of the Dame in Galician-Portuguese Troubadour Poetry
Marina KLEINE
Original title: Das cantigas de amor às Cantigas de Santa Maria: os apelativos da dama na lírica galego-portuguesa
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Alfonso X., Appellatives, Cancioneiro da Ajuda, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Galician-Portuguese troubadour poetry.
This paper aims to study the different forms of nominating the beloved woman, or dame, who constitutes the troubadours’ object of devotion in Galician-Portuguese love poetry, both profane and religious. The analysis will be focused on the appellatives of the dame in a sample of cantigas de amor extracted from the Cancioneiro da Ajuda and in Cantigas de Santa Maria’s cantigas de loor.
Fuente Ovejuna (1619) by Lope de Vega (1562-1635): Moral injury of the body and the breach of rites and social vitality
Victor Sales PINHEIRO; Ayrton Borges MACHADO
Original title: Fuente Ovejuna (1619) de Lope de Vega (1562-1635): a ofensa moral do corpo como quebra dos ritos e vitalidade social
Published in Rhythms, expressions and representations of the body
Keywords: Barroque Literature, J. M. Bernstein, Lope de Vega, Moral Injury, Recognition.
This article proposes a study of the conception of moral injury in the baroque thought of Lope de Vega, based on the analysis of his work Fuente Ovejuna, in which one explores the Lope’s reflection on a local tyrant who disrespects and violates the citizens of Fuente Ovejuna, from the verbal insult, disdain for gifts, breach of rites, culminating in the rape of Laurencia. The study proposes to carry out a fusion of horizons, searching how much the Lope’s social thought regarding moral and social offense can contribute to the reflection on the social process of recognition, that is, how in a society its members manage to recognize themselves as peers, who respect and include each other. Therefore, the dialogue carried out takes place between the Lope’s thought extracted from Fuente Ovejuna and the theory of recognition by J. M. Bernstein. In the first topic, comedy is analyzed as a study of customs, emphasizing how much the dramaturgical tradition has been not merely fictional, but an investigation about morals, politics, and psychology, by its writers, so that Lope can appear as a thinker in this article. In the second topic, a narrative of Fuente Ovejuna is made, to form an understanding of the object. In the third topic, an analysis of various parts of Lope’s work is carried out, in which violations, disrespect and the breaking of ties and rites that imply damage to social self-understanding and vitality of themselves are perceived. The fourth topic presents first step of the core of the analysis, that is, how Lope explains the paradigm shifts to delve into the change in the understanding of moral offense, moving from honour to dignity, from morality to the body, and from man to the figure of the offended woman. In the fifth topic, having formed Lope’s social understanding in Fuente Ovejuna, a dialogue is carried out between this and Bernstein’s theory of recognition, to make explicit the contributions of Lope’s thought to the understanding of moral formation and recognition.
Functionalizing the feminine: the 'unnamed'sister-queen-mother-wifepenitent in Gregorius by Hartmann von Aue
Daniele Gallindo Gonçalves SILVA
Original title: Funcionalizando o feminino: a irmã-rainha-mãe-esposa-penitente ‘sem nome’ em Gregorius de Hartmann von Aue
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Gregorius, Middle High German Literature, Namenforschung.
Based on the theoretical Namenforschung by Friedhelm Debus and the Gender research by Judith Butler, this paper discusses the relationship established between the male character, theme of the narrative, and his mother/wife. Thus, our focus of analysis is the unnamed female character of Gregorius of Hartmann von Aue. We intend, therefore, to prove that there is a functionalization of this feminine in the work in question.
Game, war and law in Tommaso Azzi’s De ludo scacchorum in legale methodo tractatus (1583)
Giuliano MARCHETTO
Original title: Gioco, guerra e diritto nel De ludo scacchorum in legali methodo tractatus (1583) di Tommaso Azzi
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Diritto, Gioco, Guerra, Ordine civiltà, Umanesimo giuridico.
Il De ludo scacchorum in legali methodo tractatus (1583) del giurista Tommaso Azzi non è realmente un trattato sul gioco degli scacchi, ma un’opera che affronta varie questioni giuridiche. Tra i temi ricorrenti del De ludo troviamo il tema della guerra. La tesi di questo saggio è mostrare come la stretta connessione tra guerra, gioco degli scacchi e diritto stabilita da Azzi sia funzionale all’affermazione di una idea di guerra giusta ricalcata sul gioco. Tale guerra deve quindi possedere le caratteristiche proprie del gioco: regole severe, uno spazio limitato e ordinato in cui svolgersi, una posizione di uguaglianza tra le parti. Il trattato si inserisce così all’interno di una tradizione che, sottolineando le similitudini tra guerra e gioco, rappresenta la guerra come un fenomeno regolato, all’interno di un percorso di “civilizzazione”.
Garcia de Resende’s Cancioneiro Geral: feast and theatricality, a space for the exaltation of the self
Geraldo Augusto FERNANDES
Original title: O Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de Resende (1470-1536): festa e teatralidade, um espaço para a exaltação do “eu”
Published in Medieval and Early Modern Iberian Peninsula Cultural History
Keywords: Courtly poetry, Exaltation of the self, Garcia de Resende’s songbook, Room and palace, Sociability.
The Portuguese poetry of the XVth and XVIth centuries is denominated courtly poetry due to the fact that it was in the palace that nobles and courtesans got together for rejoice and cultural changes – not only that of Portugal but also of its neighbor, Castile. After the poetry composed by troubadours in the previous centuries, the poetry of the Fourteenth and the Fifteenth will portrait the culture and sociability of a country where the maritime Discoveries will point out the richness and ostentation, because of an economy in expansion. Garcia de Resende’s Cancioneiro Geral, a compilation of 880 poems from 1459 to 1516, is considered a historical document in verses which registers the beginning of the greatness of Portugal.
Gender perspectives: implementation of sociological methodology to Old Testament’s images of the 17th century
Irene BARRENO GARCÍA
Original title: Las perspectivas del género: aplicación de la metodología sociológica a imágenes veterotestamentarias del siglo XVII
Published in
Keywords: Baroque art, Collective imagery, Gender, Misogyny, Religion.
The collective religious and artistic imagery of the seventeenth century is a fundamental point of study at the sociological level, since it shows thoughts and models that governed life in community of the time. For this reason, a study of these images is proposed in this paper with the aim of defending the following thesis: it is possible, with the tools provided by the main historians of art of the sociological school (such as Antal, Francastel, Hadjinicolaou or Hauser), argue that the use of one type or another of images of biblical women (positive or negative) may vary according to gender, understood as a social construct, of the subject performing the representation. In this way, works made by female and male painters will be contrasted on the basis of thematic blocks: Judith beheading Holofernes, Susana and the Elders, Jael and Sisera and Samson and Delilah. Each of the themes, as you can see, presents a conflicting episode that has as protagonists a duo formed by a man and a woman. In this way the opposing positions between the two genders will be much more evident, depending on the hand of the painter.
Globalization: the dialectic between local experience and the universal inclination of philosophical knowledge in intercultural historical experience
Samuel DIMAS
Original title: Globalização: a dialética entre a experiência local e a inclinação universal do conhecimento filosófico na vivência histórica intercultural
Published in The Kingdom of the Spirit
Keywords: Globalization, Interculturality, Localization, National and universal philosophies.
In this study we intend to present the methodology of global thinking that rejects the traditional strategy of “globalization”, which aims to universally impose a single economic-social model and proposes the promotion of intercultural relations and the valorization of national and linguistic identities. In this sense, globalization does not mean a homogenization of thought, but the recognition of the importance of philosophical, literary and artistic diversity for the civilizational development and progress in the humanization of peoples. The ideological imposition of currents of thought and research methods, disseminated through Basic English, must be replaced by a critical interpretation that addresses the existential dynamics of being-in-the-world and being-in-place and values models of intercommunication cultural in the dialectic between the particularity of situated thought and its inclination towards universality.
Goodness, Justice and Truth. Three Marian virtues in the Cantigas de Santa Maria and in the Book of Santa Maria, by Ramon Llull
Ricardo da COSTA, Bárbara DANTAS
Original title: Bondade, Justiça e Verdade. Três virtudes marianas nas Cantigas de Santa Maria e no Livro de Santa Maria, de Ramon Llull
Published in
Keywords: Alfonso X, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Enluminures, Libre de Sancta Maria, Medieval Art, Ramon Llull.
The Cantigas de Santa Maria is a cultural landmark in medieval Spain. This magnific work of the thirteenth century is composed of 420 praises and narratives of miracles of the Virgin Mary and written in galician-portuguese language. Furthermore, have hundreds of miniatures. Sponsored by King Alfonso X (1221-1284), is not great only for its artistic value, but, specially, for its historical value. Each song registry differents aspects of medieval sensibility. Thus, the objective of this study is to make a comparative analysis (textual and imagistic) of three philosophical-theological virtues of the Virgin Mary – Goodness, Truth and Justice – present in the praise 140 of the Cantigas de Santa María and in the Libre de Sancta Maria (c. 1290) from the Catalan philosopher Ramon Llull (1232-1316), to analyze the symbolic structures from marian spirituality, typical religious and artistic manifestation of the thirteenth century in the Medieval West.
Grasping the Divine essence: Cusanus (1401-1464) and Wenck (†1460)
Marica COSTIGLIOLO
Published in The Kingdom of the Spirit
Keywords: Dialogue, Difference, Nicholas of Cusa, Transcendence.
In this aim, I analyse some theories of De docta ignorantia (1440) of Nicholas of Cusa, criticized by Johannes Wenck. Some interesting themes emerge from the dispute between Cusanus and Wenck: for example, on the threshold of modernity the way thinkers use concepts and words to define transcendence, time, difference. Through this dispute, the end of the Middle Ages appears as a rich intellectual period and a harbinger of continuous insights and new interpretations.
Greek Fathers of the 4th-5th centuries and the secular education. Their acceptance in Greek thinking while rejecting pagan cults
Eirini ARTEMI
Original title: Greek Fathers of the 4th-5th centuries and the secular education. Their acceptance in Greek thinking while rejecting pagan cults
Published in
Keywords: Christian Philosophy, Christian Theology, Pagan cults, Philosophy, Secular Education.
The Fathers were neither implacable enemies of Greek thought nor did they hate the works of the ancient Greek poets and writers. Great Basilius did not hesitate to show ancient people as examples of virtue who were referred to in the works of secular literature. He like others emphasized, however, that not everything within ancient literature is acceptable but that one should only keep what is useful for Christianity! The rest constituted sinister men’s acts and should therefore be avoided. No one must imitate their actions. Cyril of Alexandria did not reject the ancient Greek thought as philosophy but as theology. The motive was obvious. The contrast between Christian theology and Greek philosophy existed only when the latter was presented as theology. It was a feud between a presupposed common area which each claimed for herself. The rejection of the Greek “false worship as totally useless” took place as a theological crisis. When the Fathers condemned the “Greek and avid ... malice” and exercised “control of the Greek fraud” they essentially failed on Greek philosophy, while targeting ancient Greek religiosity. Hence, Greek Fathers honoured Greek thinking, Greek language and used both in their writings but tried to avoid ideas of Greek pagan practice and cult and fought against these with all their powers.
