Article
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Figures of Speech in Garcia de Resende’s (1470-1536) Cancioneiro Geral
Geraldo Augusto FERNANDES
Original title: As figuras de linguagem no Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de Resende (1470-1536)
Published in Returning to Eden
Keywords: Figurae, Garcia de Resende’s Cancioneiro Geral, Humanism, Poems of mixed forms, Rhetoric.
The studies of Rhetoric and the use of its resources began to emerge during Humanism in Portugal. These were made or found in the libraries of monarchs and princes, as well as in monasteries. But Rhetoric also becomes a discipline that will be key for the nation to commune with humanistic precepts which is spreading throughout Europe with the aim of forming the human person, physically, intellectually, and morally. This advent, which took place from the fifteenth century onwards, also focuses on the literature developed in the palace evenings. In this study, the use of rhetorical devices shows how it interferes in poetics, especially the one developed in Garcia de Resende’s Cancioneiro Geral, from which I extracted the many examples of these embellishing means (of oratory and poetics, as Quintiliano says), all of which are apparent in the poems of mixed forms. What I propose is to present the examples taken from the Resende’s songbook, listing the resources, and showing them in the poems of the compilation. Quintilian and the anonymous of the Rhetorica ad Herennium will be collated with the studies of Juan Casas Rigall, Heinrich Lausberg, Baltasar Gracián, Nair Nazaré Castro Soares, Maria Isabel Moran Cabanas, Antonio de Nebrija, among others.
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From Palma to Princeton: Reconstruction and translation of the (lost) Gothic-Renaissance staircase of Calle del Agua
Enric MALLORQUÍ-RUSCALLEDA
Original title: De Palma a Princeton: Reconstrucción y traducción de la escalinata (perdida) gótico-renacentista de la Calle del Agua
Published in Returning to Eden
Keywords: Architecture, Gothic-Renaissance, Heritage, Inscriptions, Mallorca, Medieval Catalan, Princeton University Art Museum, Reconstruction, Restoration, Translation.
In this paper, the staircase on Calle del Agua in Palma de Mallorca, previously considered lost, is studied from its documented Gothic-Renaissance historical context by Domenge Mesquida and Byne to its heritage significance. Specifically, it explains my experience as a researcher with the staircase, having to face complex challenges in identifying, reconstructing, and translating into English the inscriptions that adorn it. For the first time, the transcription and translation of the text on the stairway –medieval Catalan prayers– are presented, accompanied by photographs, thus highlighting its cultural and spiritual relevance. The collaboration of the curator from the Princeton University Art Museum in this significant discovery of Mallorca's architectural legacy is also acknowledged.
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Cervantes’ Ginés de Pasamonte and his literary descendants: from The Pretended Aunt to Manuel Mújica Láinez
Jesús Fernando CÁSEDA TERESA
Original title: El Ginés de Pasamonte cervantino y su descendencia literaria: de La tía fingida a Manuel Mújica Láinez
Published in Returning to Eden
Keywords: Castillo Solórzano, Ginés de Pasamonte, La tía fingida, Mújica Láinez, Quevedo.
The study establishes how, as a result of a misreading of the episode of Ginés de Pasamonte in Don Quixote, a state of opinion was born that was later reflected in various relevant literary texts of the time, in poems by Quevedo, also in his Buscón or in the text of Avellaneda. This study also analyzes the presence of the Bracamonte family in comedies by Alonso de Castillo Solórzano, in the picaresque novel by Gregorio Guadaña and in La tía fingida, an anonymous work whose presence of this family is very significant in order to affirm or question the authorship of the work by Miguel de Cervantes. In the 20th century, Manuel Mújica Láinez associated the Bracamonte family with the rogues through the protagonist of his historical novel D. Galaz de Buenos Aires, halfway between the Lazarillesque genre and that of the novels of chivalry.
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Reflections on daimon (δαίμων) in Greek Poetry and in Plato
Fábio FORTES; Humberto Schubert COELHO
Original title: Reflexões sobre o daimon (δαίμων) na Poesia Grega e em Platão
Published in The Kingdom of the Spirit
Keywords: Daimon (δαίμων), Deity, Humanity.
The term daimon appears in Greek literature in the Homeric poems, but it receives great prominence in the context of Platonic philosophy, as a manifestation associated with Socratic methodology. In this article, we propose to trace how the term appears in the Greek poetry – especially in Homer’s – and the meanings it maintains in the later philosophical tradition, especially in Plato's dialogues. The objective is to analyse the singularities of meaning in the poetry and in Plato’s philosophy, highlighting, in each case, the meanings associated with a possible divine or human transcendence.
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The Kingdom of the Spirit in the transcendence of the image of Christ. The Good Shepherd in Early Christian Art (3rd-4th centuries)
Armando Alexandre dos SANTOS; Ricardo da COSTA
Original title: O Reino do Espírito na transcendência da imagem de Cristo. O Bom Pastor na Arte Paleocristã (sécs. III-IV)
Published in The Kingdom of the Spirit
Keywords: Good Shepherd, History of Art, Paleochristian Art, Sarcophagus.
The aim of the work is to analyze the iconographic theme of the Good Shepherd (Jo 10, 6-15) in Paleochristian Art (III-VI centuries) and the reasons for its popularity. Our methodology will be comparative: documents and images from the same period, with an interpretative emphasis on carved scenes in three Roman sarcophagi from the 3rd and 4th centuries.
