Article
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Crusader Coins: an introduction to their typological and stylistic analysis
María LAURA MONTEMURRO
Original title: Monedas de las Cruzadas: introducción al análisis de su iconografía y estilo
Published in The Middle Ages and the Crusades
The numismatic material offers an outstanding opportunity for iconographic studies, often neglected by art historians. For ages, coinage has not simply served as a medium of financial or commercial exchange, but also (and more interestingly for the art historian) as a vehicle that conveyed, through a wide territorial span, design and iconographic concepts of enormously influential gravitation. Crusader coins are not an exception: on the contrary, its influence in the late mediaeval coinage in regards to iconography and other devices was paramount. This paper attempts to draw attention to several aspects related to the iconography of the Crusader coins, their probable typological models and derivations, that it, its decisive influence in the later Mediaeval and early modern coinages.
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The Second Crusade and his failure in De Consideratione ad Eugenium Papam of Bernard of Clairvaux
Aurelio PASTORI RAMOS
Original title: La Segunda Cruzada y su fracaso en De Consideratione ad Eugenium Papam de Bernardo de Claraval
Published in The Middle Ages and the Crusades
Regarding the history of the Crusades, the abbot of Clairvaux is often cited as the preacher of the second Crusade. Less studied however is the analysis of the reasons of the failure of this Crusade, written by himself.
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Cynocephalus in commentario? The monstrous or savage nature of infidels as juridical argument
Alejandro MORIN
Original title: Cynocephalus in commentario? El carácter monstruoso o salvaje de los infieles como argumento jurídico
Published in The Middle Ages and the Crusades
For some years a type of historiographical approach has rendered fruits about the relation Christians-Muslims, focused on the perception/construction of alterity. This is evident in different works that analyze the medieval “images” of the unbelievers created in a hostile context. But this approach can ignore the rhetorical-juridical inscription of the description of the unbeliever in teratological or wild terms. What seems an ethnographic reference that says much about the medieval Christian ethnocentrism may in certain context operate as a juridical argument that enables one type or another of justification for the conquest on unchristians. We pose here the convenience of bringing together two subjects that medievalists had developed separately: the history of the Christian stereotypes of Saracen “monstrosity” and the history of medieval law.
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Presentation: The Crusade reborn?
Ricardo da COSTA
Original title: Apresentação: A Cruzada renasceu?
Published in The Middle Ages and the Crusades
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Preface: Considerations about the Crusades
Almudena BLASCO VALLÉS
Original title: Prefacio: Consideraciones sobre las Cruzadas
Published in The Middle Ages and the Crusades
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Notion of spiritual aristocracy in the first book of Kuzari
Rosa PLANAS FERRER
Original title: El concepte d’aristocràcia espiritual en el llibre primer del Kuzari
Published in Aristocracy and nobility in the Ancient and Medieval World
The objective of the following work is showing, through the First Book of Kuzari, by Iehuda Halevi, firstly translated into Catalonian by Rabbi Jordi Gendra, one of the first formulations of the aristocratic origin of the Jewish population, defended by one of the most important poets of Judaism during the Jewish Diaspora. The book explains that through a divine selection, Israel is constituted as the authentic aristocracy of the world, due to its condition of a prophetic population it is situated over the rest of populations and in the Creational scale it’s only superadded by angels.
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David Negro: a court Jew in the juncture of 1383-1385
Manuela Santos SILVA and Alice TAVARES
Original title: David Negro: un judío cortesano en la coyuntura portuguesa de 1383- 1385
Published in Aristocracy and nobility in the Ancient and Medieval World
Contribution to the study of Portuguese Judaic courtiers, in particular of Don David Negro. King Fernando’s councilor and royal servant, and the later rabbi in Castilla, during the reign of Juan I. Don David took part in the political rebellion of 1383 – 1385 which resulted in the rise of the Master of Avis to the throne of Portugal – D. João I.
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Strategies of alliance and social reproduction in Leon medieval aristocracy: the Flaínez (10th-11th centuries)
Mariel V. PÉREZ
Original title: Estrategias de alianza y reproducción social en la aristocracia medieval leonesa: los Flaínez (siglos X-XI)
Published in Aristocracy and nobility in the Ancient and Medieval World
In this article we will analyze the strategies of alliance of Leon medieval aristocracy, with the intention of revealing the important function they carried out in the social reproduction of the ruling class. We will focus the study in the Flaínez family, one of the most eminent aristocratic groups in the Kingdom of León during the 10th and 11th centuries.
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Oedipus at Colonus by the light of Aristotelian ethics philosophy
Jan Gerard Joseph TER REEGEN and Tito Barros LEAL
Original title: Édipo em Colona à luz da filosofia ética aristotélica
Published in Aristocracy and nobility in the Ancient and Medieval World
The main purpose presented in this article is to analyze how the Sophoclean works influenced the Aristotelian ethical thought construction process. In order to conduct this analysis, the tragedy Oedipus at Colonus is used to arouse the discussion on central questions in the ethical thought of Aristotle, such as practical wisdom, caution and prudence. Therefore, it was necessary to re-compound the transition route between the political-mythical thought, expressed in the mythical temporality of the tragedies, and the political-ethical thought, experienced in the Athens daily routine during the fifth century B.C. However, it is not the proposal of this article to establish an evolutionist analysis concerning the Greek philosophical knowledge construction process. Since this process was done by human efforts, so it is a historical product, it is not a purpose of this work elaborate any kind of validation about one or another way (mythical or ethical) of comprehension, behavior and action. Thus, herein is offered a comparative view between these two possibilities in order to understand how one contributed to the construction of the other one.
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Preface: The nobility, spiritual source of Western civilization
Ricardo da Costa
Original title: Prefácio: A nobreza, fonte espiritual da civilização ocidental
Published in Aristocracy and nobility in the Ancient and Medieval World
