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Powerful widows on Gandia’s 15th century, case studies

Marta MORANT

Original title: Viudes poderoses a la Gandia del segle XV, estudi dels casos

Published in

Keywords: 15th Century, Gandia, Power, Widows, Women’s history.

Throughout history, the figure of the widow has been perceived through a lens at some distance from reality. This has condemned them to historical passivity and has attributed to them a subordination which bears little relation to the reality of their lived experience. With the study of in a vila conducted in the Kingdom of Valencia at the end of the medieval period, and through the analysis of primary sources, the real situation in which they lived will be shown: the family and social contexts of which they formed part, and the capabilities they used to defend both themselves and their families’ property. We will thus be able to refute the claims that were socially constructed about them, and to consider them as agents of history, and not mere observers of it.

Tamerlane’s female court. Sensory and power from the perspective of Ruy González de Clavijo (1403-1406)

Laura CARBÓ

Original title: La corte femenina de Tamorlán. Sensorialidad y poder desde la perspectiva de Ruy González de Clavijo (1403-1406)

Published in Senses and sensibilities in classical and medieval worlds

Keywords: 15th century, Embassy to Tamerlan, Materiality, Power, Senses.

Ruy González de Clavijo starred, together with a team of ambassadors, the second mission sent by Henry III of Castile to Tamerlan in 1403, whose round trip itinerary spans three years. Clavijo's meticulous account includes the timurid protocol deployment, which often has the women of the court as protagonists. The ambassadors' approach to the women's world was eminently sensory: the five senses came to the aid of the travel story, with visual, tactile, auditory, tasteful, olfactory experiences that allowed the narrator to communicate the experiences occurred in the presence of women. In addressing to "sensory" we mean both the material world and the sensory experience itself. The historical study will focus on the’ representations of medieval objects (clothing, meals, setting, organization of spaces, buildings) and the consideration of its users, simultaneously addressing both the intellectual and material substrates of medieval culture. This study of the particular feminine spaces allows showing a relationship between culture, materiality and power in a temporal and spatial arc reduced to the itinerary of the embassy.

The divine ordering of Will and Power in the Book of Contemplation in God by Ramon Llull (1232-1316)

Gabriel Tebaldi MEIRA; Ricardo da COSTA

Original title: O ordenamento divino da Vontade e do Poder no Livro da Contemplação em Deus de Ramon Llull (1232-1316)

Published in Mirabilia Journal 34

Keywords: Book of Contemplation on God, Divine Ordering, Medieval Philosophy, Power, Ramon Llull, Will.

The objective of the work is to analyse the concepts of Will and Power according to Ramon Llull (1232-1316) in the Book of Contemplation in God, Chapter 47, in its XI Distinction, as well as to understand the author’s proposal for practical application of such principles in the Christian life.

The right of life and death in war in De iure belli libri tres (1598) by Alberico Gentili (1552-1608)

Giuliano MARCHETTO

Original title: Il diritto di vita e di morte in guerra nel De iure belli libri tres (1598) di Alberico Gentili (1552-1608)

Published in The World of Tradition

Keywords: Death, Law, Life, Power, War.

In war, there are situations in which one side is given the power of life or death over the other. The medieval legal tradition tries to bring this power back into law and to limit it. The Italian jurist Alberico Gentili in his work De jure belli libri tres (1598) represents, in the modern age, the attempt to offer an interpretation of war as an instrument of justice and therefore regulated in every aspect by the law. Gentili’s theory is the opposite of a different tradition, ancient but always resurfacing in history, which instead sees war as a place from which law is absent, is silent and only violence, which includes an unlimited vitae necisque potestas, thus becomes the origin of law and of every new power and order.

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