The "cinocephalus" and the "úlfheðnar": the representation of the wolf-warrior in the Historia Langobardorum (VIII century) and in the Egils saga (c. 1230)
Renan Marques Birro and Jardel Modenesi Fiorio
Original title: Os Cynocephalus e os Úlfheðnar: a representação do guerreiro canídeo na Historia Langobardorum (séc. VIII) e na Egils saga (c. 1230)
Published in The chivalry and the art of war in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Icelanders, Lombards, Middle Ages, Myths, War.
The Architecture in the Cantigas de Santa María
Bárbara Dantas
Original title: A Arquitetura nas Cantigas de Santa María
Published in
Keywords: Architecture, Cantigas de Santa María, King Alfonso X, Middle Ages.
The king Alfonso X believes in the power of the Virgin Mary to overcome the evil. He orders scholars and craftsmen to produce the Cantigas de Santa María, compendium with more than four hundred reports of miracles and praises to the Virgin, versed in galician-portuguese. Book illuminators have enriched your offering with hundreds of illuminations and thousands of capitular letters. In addition, the verses were accompanied by musical notations, labor that handed to troubadours. In the work, there are three artistic expressions: Literature, Painting and Music. The medieval world is represented in the Cantigas, an artistic prototype of a fully lived reality. Submissive to the temporality of the source, the research began with the reading of the Cantigas and the selection of the most cited artistic supports. Sixteen cantigas and their illuminations make mention of Architecture are present in this work. To analyze the historical illuminations, the method of iconographic analysis of Erwin Panofsky was used. Jean-Claude Schmitt's proposal of articulation between image and text was essential for this book. The objective of this work is to show that Architecture was the artistic expression chosen by the craftsmen of the alfonso´s codex to represent the mental dimension of the marian cult, faith in which the gothic architecture dignified those who worked for this purpose, from the peasantry to the king, but above, the work of the Master builders, doctors in stone, the architects.
The Art of Middle Ages as a Builder Visual Concept of Evil
Márcia Schmitt Veronezi CAPPELLARI
Original title: A Arte da Idade Média como construtora de um conceito visual de mal
Published in Paradise, Purgatory and Hell: the Religiosity in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Evil, History, Imaginary, Middle Ages, image.
The figure of the Devil had an important role during the Middle Ages served as the main reference for the publicity of the Catholic Church. The terrible torture of men would be subjected to hell and the delights of paradise populated speeches and led the imaginary of the period. The grotesque and nightmarish image was intended to scare people to obey the moral laws and to turn away from sin.
The Dante’s Inferno and the seventh circle symbology
Solange Ramos de ANDRADE and Daniel Lula COSTA
Original title: O Inferno de Dante e a simbologia do sétimo círculo
Published in Paradise, Purgatory and Hell: the Religiosity in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Dante, Demons, Hell, Middle Ages, Violence.
The period between XI to XIII century was remarkable for the expansion of Christian hell. The belief in evil increased the fear of unknown and enabled the structure of a punitive hell. The poet, Dante Alighieri, made a geography for Christian hell, paradise and purgatory by means of collective representations of medieval man. We’ll use the concept of representation to discuss the symbolism of Dante’s inferno, focusing in the structure of its seventh circle, where the violent souls are punished.
The Latin Middle Ages and Nature: the image of the garden in the Roman de la Rose
Adriana MARTÍNEZ
Original title: El Medievo latino y la Naturaleza: la imagen del jardín en el Roman de la Rose
Published in The Medieval Aesthetics
Keywords: Garden, Middle Ages, Roman de la Rose.
The image of the garden, synecdoche of nature, which traverses the Latin middle ages is base don judeo-christian culture that makes the concept of Paradise. However, in the 12 th century a renewal is produced in thinking nature not only as a reality outside, inteligible, and in the following century, a text like the Roman de la Rose installed a concept of nature where the garden becomes privilegeg stage of love, a new Paradise.
The Laude Spaniae of Isidore of Seville in the Iberic Medieval Chronicles (VIIIth-XIVth centuries)
António REI
Original title: A Laude Spaniae de Isidoro de Sevilha na Cronística Medieval Peninsular (séculos VIII-XIV)
Published in Relations between History and Literature in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Chronicles, Isidore of Seville, Laude Spaniae, Middle Ages, Reconquest.
The presence of Laude Spaniae (Praise of Hispania) of Isidor, bishop of Seville in the medieval chronicles wrote in the Iberic Peninsula between the VIIIth and the XIVth centuries, by the Christian political powers, as an emotional part of the chronicle text, leading to the effort of military “reconquest” to the muslim powers in the andalusian parts of the Peninsula.
The Portuguese Common Laws: case of Cima Coa, Guarda, Santarém, Évora and Beja. Challenges and methodologies
Alice TAVARES
Original title: Los fueros extensos portugueses: los casos de Cima Coa, Guarda, Santarém, Évora y Beja. Retos y metodologías
Published in Society and Culture in Portugal
Keywords: Common Law, Middle Ages, Portugal, XIII-XIV Century’s.
The aim of this study is to provide an analysis about the customary and laws of the Portuguese medieval town’s councils (13th and 14th Century’s). We select some cases: Cima Coa Coa (Alfaiates, Castelo Bom, Castelo Melhor e Castelo Rodrigo), Guarda, Santarém, Évora, Borba and Beja. In this article we will analyse this local source of common-laws with the aim of making a reflection about the origins, characteristics, processes of formation of the various corpora.
The Sasanian Tradition in ʽAbbāsid Art: squinch fragmentation as The structural origin of the muqarnas
Alicia CARRILLO
Published in Isabel de Villena (1430-1490)
Keywords: Islamic architecture, Middle Ages, Muqarnas, Sasanian, Tripartite squinches, ʽAbbāsid Caliphate.
Islamic architecture presents a three-dimensional decoration system known as muqarnas. An original system created in the Near East between the second/eighth and the fourth/tenth centuries due to the fragmentation of the squinche, but it was in the fourth/eleventh century when it turned into a basic element, not only all along the Islamic territory but also in the Islamic vocabulary. However, the origin and shape of muqarnas has not been thoroughly considered by Historiography. This research tries to prove the importance of Sasanian Art in the aesthetics creation of muqarnas.
The aesthetic anamnesis of Umberto Eco
Ricardo da COSTA
Original title: A anamnese estética de Umberto Eco
Published in Art, Criticism and Mysticism
Keywords: Anamnesis, Medieval Aesthetics, Middle Ages, Umberto Eco.
The purpose of this paper is to present and analyze the aesthetic ideas of Umberto Eco (1932- ) in his book Art and Beauty in the Middle Ages (1987), particularly the aesthetic sensibilities and interests of medieval themes in the metaphysics of light (claritas), symbolism and allegory, and the aesthetic vision of the universe. For this we will use the Anamnesis Eric Voegelin's concept, exposed in their work – ANAMNESIS - From Theory of History and Politics (2002) – in which the author applies his philosophy of consciousness to your retrospective existential dimension, added to the aesthetic's considerations by the philosopher Roger Scruton (1944- ).
The beginning of the path to equality: a comparison of medieval male and female texts about women in the Middle Ages
Sheila ADÁN LLEDÍN
Original title: El principio del camino a la igualdad: Una comparativa de textos medievales femeninos y masculinos sobre la mujer en la Edad Media
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Comparison, Female, Male, Middle Ages, Misogyny, Writing.
We are used to read medieval texts created by men, but there were not only male’s quills. There were also many documents written by women that have not been discussed so far, where they stand up for other women, speaking of their selves, their circumstances, their lives, their feelings, their sex’s conception, and their opinions, despite the prohibitions and impediments that were imposed to them. This is what this article aims to show: inspirational testimonies that stand for progress, change, fight, and equality. A comparison between what men in the Middle Ages wrote about women, and what women at that time wrote about women.
