Byzantines and Muslims based on the Erchempert of the Montecassino’s Ystoriola (c. 887)
Felipe Augusto RIBEIRO
Original title: Gentes mediterrânicas: encontros étnicos entre lombardos, francos, bizantinos e muçulmanos a partir da Ystoriola de Erchemperto de Montecassino (c. 887)
Published in Intercultural Mediterranean
Keywords: Chronicle, Ethnography, Mediterranean, Montecassino.
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This work deals with interethnic encounters in the south of the Italian Peninsula in the 9th century, based on the chronicle entitled Ystoriola (or Historia Langobardorum Beneventanorum), written around 887 by the monk Erchemperto of Montecassino. The investigation is driven by a problematization of this text: how did the chronicler portray the people – Lombards, Franks, Byzantines and Muslims – who travelled through the region? The objective is to highlight an example of the ethnography practiced by these monks, that is, the way in which such ethnic groups were portrayed. The article uses an analytical-descriptive and comparative methodology and, from a theoretical point of view, employs the categories of alterity/otherness and ethnicity. The result of the analysis is the proposition of Montecassino as a “pan-Mediterranean” monastery, an important axis – and, therefore, a privileged place for historical observation – of the polycentric circuit that crossed the Mediterranean and allowed the transit of all the people who inhabited its shores.
Fray Antonio de Guevara (c. 1480-1545) and the maritime voyages in the Mediterranean through his Arte de marear
Jesús Fernando CÁSEDA TERESA
Original title: Fray Antonio de Guevara (c. 1480-1545) y los viajes marítimos en el Mediterráneo a través de su Arte de marear
Published in Intercultural Mediterranean
Keywords: Antonio de Guevara, Arte de marear, Chronicle, Rhetoric, Sixteenth Century.
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Throughout this study, and after situating the text and the reasons for it writing historically, I call it antichronicle, a true contrafactum to the chronicles of the Indies and the diving arts of its time. I link it to the warnings and to the relationships of events and I analyze its rhetorical structure, the influence of the thematic sermon and of the ars praedicandi. I refer to the important relationship with the printer Juan de Villaquirán. And finally, I study two fundamental themes in the work: humour and self-satire on the one hand, and his observational point of view on contemporary uses and customs on the other.
Models of Warfare in the Chronicle of D. Duarte de Meneses − Text, Context and Representation
André Luiz BERTOLI
Original title: Modelos de ação bélica na Crônica de D. Duarte de Meneses − Texto, Contexto e Representação
Published in Emotions in the Ancient and Medieval Mediterranean World
Keywords: Chronicle, Models of warlike action, North Africa, Portugal, War.
In this paper I shall present some preliminary research on the Crônica do Conde D. Duarte de Meneses, wrote by Gomes Eanes de Zurara between 1464 and1468. I will make a closer study of several chapters in the chronicle, especially chapter 44 (Riiij) and chapter 154 (CLiiij), which expound the warrior values and Christian virtues that defined the chivalric profiles of the Lusitanian nobility. The chapters selected retell exemplary deeds through which Zurara highlighted among many other types of warlike attitudes that were part of the whole relationship of medieval man to war: the obedience to the captain versus the execution of chivalric prowess. In this chronicle Gomes Eanes de Zurara tried to define an ideal of chivalry adapted to the needs of the Portuguese expansion in North Africa during the fifteenth century, which, in turn, would serve as a model for all the Portuguese warrior nobility in Africa.