Between silence and screams. The emotional manifestations as a support of historical discourse during the reign of John II of Castile
Flora RAMIRES
Original title: Entre el silencio y el grito. Las manifestaciones emocionales como soporte del discurso historiográfico durante el reinado de Juan II de Castilla
Published in Emotions in the Ancient and Medieval Mediterranean World
Keywords: Anger, Emotion, John II of Castile, Politics, Tears.
The emotions of the king John II of Castile (1407-1454), from the official chronicle of the kingdom, the Alvar García de Santa María. We emphasize the importance of emotions in the reign of the king as a political practice. By examining the forms of reactions and emotions that were transmitted and appeared in the historiography of the episode of the hit of Tordesilas be distinguished the words and actions that affirm the power of the king and the power of the emotions of the king. Therefore, we will focus on the silences of the king and the forms of anger.
Between sins and virtues. A look at the feminine condition in medieval daily life through sacred and secular songs
Antonio Celso RIBEIRO
Original title: Entre Pecados e Virtudes. Um olhar sobre a condição feminina no cotidiano medieval a partir de cantigas sacras e seculares
Published in Music in Antiquity, Middle Ages & Renaissance
Keywords: Eroticism, Female condition, Joglarezas – Soldadeiras, Middle Ages, Social class, Ŷawari.
The present work intends to briefly analyze the role of the medieval woman from her social class whether she is a well-born woman, or a slave, God fearing or mistress of her needs and desires, lover or loved one, courtesan, intelectual and artist and their interest-relationships with eroticism. Therefore, we will briefly discuss on these roles and their implications for society at the time, especially for the joglarezas/soldadeiras and ŷawari – slave-singers specially trained within Arab-Muslim culture, outlining the boundaries between public and private spaces and between the sacred and the profane.
Between the sacred and the profane: the case of the Portrait of Dame as Saint Cecilia (c. 1720) and its sacred-profane relations at Ema Gordon Klabin’s collection
Karin PHILIPPOV
Original title: Entre o sacro e o profano: o caso do Retrato de Dama como Santa Cecília (c. 1720) e suas relações sacro-profanas na Coleção Ema Gordon Klabin
Published in
Keywords: Ema Gordon Klabin, Private collecting, Profane, Sacredness, Saint Cecilia.
From the Portrait of Dame as Saint Cecilia (c. 1720), attributed to Pierre Gobert’s circle (1662-1744), this article aims at problematizing its relations between sacred and profane which occurs both inside the picture, and regarding its collector, Ema Gordon Klabin (1907-1994), who acquires it in the 1950 decade and hangs it over her bed.
Bioethics and Medical Humanities – An approach from Edmund Pellegrino
Manuel Jorge Santos da Silva CRUZ
Original title: Bioética e Humanidades Médicas – Uma abordagem a partir de Edmund Pellegrino
Published in
Keywords: Bioethics – Edmund Pellegrino – Medical Humanities – Medical Education..
The author emphasizes the crucial role of the humanities in medical practice and medical education, based on the work of the great bioethicist Edmund Pellegrino. In the wake of Pellegrino the author believes medicine is the discipline best positioned to make the link between the sciences and the humanities, which from the end of the 17th century followed different paths. Some positive and negative consequences of the separation between the scientific and humanistic cultures are presented as well as proposals for a closer relationship between both cultures in healthcare.
Body and Image in teaching of Medieval Philosophy
Libertad MARTINEZ LARRAÑAGA
Original title: El cuerpo y la imagen en la enseñanza de la Filosofía Medieval
Published in The Medieval Aesthetics
Keywords: Body, Image, Medieval Philosophy, Monotheistic creationism, Platonic dualism, Teaching, Theory of incarnation.
This paper describes a teaching experience developed as a teaching assistant of Medieval Philosophy at the College of Humanities – UNMDP, where the concepts of body and conforming and disconforming image were presented according to the theories of contemporary philosopher J. M. Schaeffer. This author seeks to explain the importance of the image in Western cultural tradition for its association with the body, an association that occurs in the medieval period from the synergy between three sources of thought: Platonic dualism, monotheistic creationism and the theory of incarnation. The lesson topic was specially chosen to present a contemporary elaboration on a medieval theme, and at the same time to perform a significant teaching experience with the use of images –both from the analyzed period and contemporary. Students were asked to analize aestheticaly and philosophicaly those images, with argumentative clarity, adequate use of the concepts developed in class and elements of visual language.
Body metaphors in goliardic poetry: Altercatio cordis et oculi (The dispute between the eye and the heart) and Alte Clamat Epicurus (The cult of the stomach)
Mariana BLANCO
Original title: Metáforas corporales en la poesía de los goliardos: Altercatio cordis et oculi (La disputa entre el ojo y el corazón) y Alte Clamat Epicurus (El culto del estómago)
Published in The Medieval Aesthetics
Keywords: Body images, Carmina Burana, Goliards, Medieval Latin poetry, Middle Ages.
Born in the twelfth century, in the literary world of medieval schools, goliardic poetry is considered one of the most original manifestations of the Medieval Latin lyric for its rebellious vitalism, its celebration of the body and its irreverent criticism of the social order. In this article we propose to analyze some body images and corporal metaphors recurrent in the poetics of goliardism, focusing on the dialectical relations between soul-body and virtue-vice, characteristics of the medieval worldview. We will take into consideration the anonymous poems Altercatio cordis et oculi (The dispute between the eye and the heart) and Alte Clamat Epicurus (The cult of the stomach) and we will study the tensions between the noble and ignoble parts of the body, between the ascetic ideal and excess, between the exaltation of sensual pleasures and the condemnation of the flesh as the origin of sin. Likewise, we will examine the way in which body representation is mediated by the intellectual formation of poets in its double aspect: the classical Latin and the biblical-ecclesiastical traditions.
Boethius (c. 477-524) on Beauty: a source for the mediaeval doctrine of the transcendentals concepts
Gerald CRESTA
Original title: La belleza en Boecio (c. 477-524): una fuente para la doctrina medieval de los trascendentales
Published in The Medieval Aesthetics
Keywords: Beauty, Boethius, Mediaeval thought, Transcendentals concepts.
The Middle Ages, in its reception and systematization of concepts of the classical tradition, has linked the good with the final cause and what is beautiful with the formal cause. Plotinus and Augustine had already declared that speciosus comes from species, form. In the 13th century, when the doctrine of transcendentals concepts begins its journey in search of foundation, finds in the Summa fratris Alexandri a key in the reference of the form at the substantial principle of life, that is, the concept of Aristotelian form. Franciscan thought, which in this context asume an unusual strength in the work initiated by Alexander of Hales and continued by Buenaventura, provides the medieval thought a new reflection on the basis of the transcendentals concepts: they are convertible and differ logically, and therefore, the truth is thought of as the layout of the form relative to the interior of the entities, while the beauty points out the disposition of an entity in relation to the outside. This paper aims to trace the source of the medieval doctrine about the transcendental beauty in the analysis of the concept of form in Boethius, specifically the formulations presented in both texts De Trinitate and The Consolatione Philosophiae.
Buona e leale, esprovata e quieta: Aspects of feminine image in political-pedagogic literature at XIII Century. The treaty of De Regimine Principum from Giles of Rome
Fátima Regina FERNANDES, Eliane Veríssimo de SANTANA
Original title: Buona e leale, esprovata e quieta: Aspectos da imagem feminina na literatura pedagógico-política no século XIII. O tratado De Regimine Principum de Egídio Romano
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Castity, Feminine, Giles of Rome, Pedagogical treaties, Temperance.
The aim of this text is to analyse that the theorist Giles of Rome (1243/47-1316) constructs of the femenine in his pedagogical treaty De Regimine Principum (1277-81) for the instruction of Philip IV of France (1268-1314). Although this is a speculum that aims the royal education, Giles dedicates the First Part of the Second book for the formulation of an ideal model of women. Author of Aristotelianism-tomist influence, he considers the man, full of knowledge, natural lord of woman. The feminine image is built based on marriage, procriation, loyalty, castity and temperance.
Byzantine iconography of The Nativity of the Virgin Mary in the light of a homily of St. John Damascene
José María SALVADOR GONZÁLEZ
Original title: Byzantine iconography of The Nativity of the Virgin Mary in the light of a homily of St. John Damascene
Published in
Keywords: Byzantine Iconography, Medieval Art, Nativity of the Virgin, St. John of Damascus, Virgin Mary.
As a result of the fact that the New Testament mentions little episodes and provides very few details of the real life of the Virgin Mary, several pious apocryphal legends emerged during the first centuries between the eastern Christian communities, which tried by all means to solve this hermetic silence surrounding the birth, childhood, youth, adulthood and death of the Mother of Jesus. These apocryphal accounts were then assumed and interpreted by numerous Church Fathers, theologians and sacral orators. These reflections of such prestigious thinkers structured a solid corpus of doctrine from which several devotions and Marian liturgical feasts of great importance would arise shortly after. The supernatural birth of Mary, after her miraculous conception in the womb of her elderly and sterile mother Anne, is a primary milestone in her “imaginary” life. As natural fruit of these heterogeneous literary and theological sources, the European medieval art and, in a very special way, the Byzantine one, addressed with remarkable enthusiasm the iconographic theme of The Nativity of the Virgin Mary, especially since the 10th-11th centuries, as one of the most significant episodes in the life of the Theotókos. On this basis, our paper proposes a triple complementary objective. First and foremost, it will highlight the content of the apocryphal sources and some thoughts or patristic exegesis on the subject, with particular emphasis in the homilies of St. John Damascene. Secondly, it will look at some Byzantine paintings on The Nativity of Mary, to determine to what extent the apocryphal accounts and the exegetical or doctrinal reflections on this Marian event are reflected in the characters, situations, attitudes, accessories and scenic items represented in these paintings. Finally, it will suggest some author’s interpretations which seem plausible on the possible symbolic meanings underlying in this relevant, dogmatic core and in its corresponding iconographic theme.
Byzantines and Muslims based on the Erchempert of the Montecassino’s Ystoriola (c. 887)
Felipe Augusto RIBEIRO
Original title: Gentes mediterrânicas: encontros étnicos entre lombardos, francos, bizantinos e muçulmanos a partir da Ystoriola de Erchemperto de Montecassino (c. 887)
Published in Intercultural Mediterranean
Keywords: Chronicle, Ethnography, Mediterranean, Montecassino.
Language:
This work deals with interethnic encounters in the south of the Italian Peninsula in the 9th century, based on the chronicle entitled Ystoriola (or Historia Langobardorum Beneventanorum), written around 887 by the monk Erchemperto of Montecassino. The investigation is driven by a problematization of this text: how did the chronicler portray the people – Lombards, Franks, Byzantines and Muslims – who travelled through the region? The objective is to highlight an example of the ethnography practiced by these monks, that is, the way in which such ethnic groups were portrayed. The article uses an analytical-descriptive and comparative methodology and, from a theoretical point of view, employs the categories of alterity/otherness and ethnicity. The result of the analysis is the proposition of Montecassino as a “pan-Mediterranean” monastery, an important axis – and, therefore, a privileged place for historical observation – of the polycentric circuit that crossed the Mediterranean and allowed the transit of all the people who inhabited its shores.
