Article
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Army, game, and social order: an approach to the cosmic metaphor of the justification of war in De bello by Juan de Legnano
Emiliano ALDEGANI; Lucía GARCÍA ALMEIDA
Original title: Ejército, juego y orden social: una aproximación a la metáfora cósmica de la justificación de la guerra en De bello de Juan de Legnano
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Game, Huizinga, Legnano, Middle Ages, War.
The aim of this paper is to point out the articulation between the celestial order and the military order expressed in the work of the medieval jurist John of Legnano (14th century) in the Tractatus de Bello, de Represaliis et de duello. In the introduction to his book, he states that ‘human war’ reflects war in the divine order, which leads the author to justify the military conflicts present in his time as coming from God, a hypothesis that he supports based on the testimonies offered by the Gospels. Thus, in the first chapter, he divides war into Spiritual, celestial, or human warfare and Corporal, universal or warfare. In addition, some central ideas of the medievalist Johan Huizinga, in his work Homo ludens, on the sacred meaning of victory in the context of medieval military confrontations, which is deeply related to the meaning of victory in the game, will be recovered. Based on this key reading, the aim is to contextualise Legnano's conception within the framework of the canonical understandings of the foundations of war conflicts that prevailed in the late medieval period.
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Faces in Pieces
David PARLETT
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Abstractionism and representationalism, Ancient and medieval board games, Board and card games, Early card games, Perceptions of play, Properties of a game, Race games, Traditional and proprietary games, War games.
The perception of game pieces and boards as actors and theatres of play is a natural human propensity and has been expressed in many ways throughout the history of games. This paper explores some of the ways, with particular reference to chess and card games, that enable us to appreciate how people of the Past drew on themselves and their surroundings to breathe life into otherwise abstract procedures of formal games.
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The imaginary of the Christian Beyond in a Board Game: a playful tool for Teaching Medieval History
Adriana ZIERER; Solange Pereira OLIVEIRA
Original title: O imaginário do Além Cristão num jogo de tabuleiro: uma ferramenta lúdica para o Ensino de História Medieval
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Beyond Medieval, Board Game, History Teaching, Medieval Imaginary.
This article addresses the theme of the imaginary of the Christian Beyond in an authorial game, in board mode, as a playful tool for teaching-learning in Medieval History. With this teaching resource, which has great potential for teaching, we intend to establish a mobilization of playful knowledge about the possibilities of approaches to Christian religiosity in the medieval historical context. We will share the methodological process of creating and receiving the practice of playing in different learning spaces, because of the experiences of applicability of this game, which aims to help teachers and students who do not have the technique of developing analog games in the medieval period and in others. different historical temporalities.
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Game, war and law in Tommaso Azzi’s De ludo scacchorum in legale methodo tractatus (1583)
Giuliano MARCHETTO
Original title: Gioco, guerra e diritto nel De ludo scacchorum in legali methodo tractatus (1583) di Tommaso Azzi
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Diritto, Gioco, Guerra, Ordine civiltà, Umanesimo giuridico.
Il De ludo scacchorum in legali methodo tractatus (1583) del giurista Tommaso Azzi non è realmente un trattato sul gioco degli scacchi, ma un’opera che affronta varie questioni giuridiche. Tra i temi ricorrenti del De ludo troviamo il tema della guerra. La tesi di questo saggio è mostrare come la stretta connessione tra guerra, gioco degli scacchi e diritto stabilita da Azzi sia funzionale all’affermazione di una idea di guerra giusta ricalcata sul gioco. Tale guerra deve quindi possedere le caratteristiche proprie del gioco: regole severe, uno spazio limitato e ordinato in cui svolgersi, una posizione di uguaglianza tra le parti. Il trattato si inserisce così all’interno di una tradizione che, sottolineando le similitudini tra guerra e gioco, rappresenta la guerra come un fenomeno regolato, all’interno di un percorso di “civilizzazione”.
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Playing “Pythagoras” in Padua and Florence: a Sixteenth-Century Rithmomachia manuscript at the University of Pennsylvania
Ann E. MOYER
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Florence, History of Education, History of Mathematics, Padua, Pythagoreanism, Rithmomachia, Universities.
A manuscript in the Lawrence J. Schoenberg Collection at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries (UPenn LJS 232) contains a manual for the medieval game rithmomachia by Carlo di Ruberto Strozzi, preceded by a brief treatise on proportion by Benedetto Varchi, both in vernacular; they were inspired by the Latin publication of Jacques Lefèvre d’Etaples. An examination of the treatise and the circle of learned Florentines involved in its production offer an example both of the ways that the game spread in European university cultures, and the limits of interest in the Boethian mathematics of proportion that the game was intended to exercise.
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Play, bullfight and society in the mausoleum of Augustus (Rome): 16th-18th centuries
José Antonio GONZÁLEZ ALCANTUD
Original title: Juego, toros y sociedad en el mausoleo de Augusto (Roma): siglos XVI-XVIII
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: 17th century, Bullfighting, Games, Giostra, Mausoleum of Augustus.
The Mausoleum of Augustus in Rome was a funerary and sacred space, which in the Middle Ages evolved into a defensive space, and in the Modern Age into a place that hosted games and shows, particularly bullfighting and chivalry (giostra). It reached its zenith at the end of the 18th century. However, its archaeological component, however, prevented the "naturalization" of game and place, as in some Roman amphitheatres in southern France, or as a spectacle, as in the case of the opera in the arena of Verona. Today, nothing reminds us of its popular past as an amphitheatre in Corea, home of Roman amusements.
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The Way to Heaven: religious instruction in the seventeenth century through Jesuit board games
Adrian SEVILLE
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: 17th century, Art History, Board game history, Emblematics, France, Jesuits, Missionaries in Canada, Missionaries in Turkey, Religious instruction.
During the 17th century, French Jesuits adapted the well-known jeu de l’oie (Game of the Goose) for the purposes of religious instruction in their foreign Missions. These games consisted of a series of religious emblems arranged to form a spiral track, the movement of tokens along this being determined by chance, subject to particular rules. The earliest of these games, the Jeu du Point au Point, is analysed in detail, giving historical background and explanation of the emblems and their significance. Two similar Jesuit games are surveyed and compared with other religious games of the period. It is evident that the visual image played a commanding role in Jesuit education.
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The discussion on the origin of evil in Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite’s De divini nominibus and its dependence on Proclus’ De malorum subsistentia
Matteo RASCHIETTI
Original title: A discussão sobre a origem do mal no De divini nominibus do Pseudo-Dionísio Areopagita e sua dependência do De malorum subsistentia de Proclo
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Neoplatonism, Origin of Evil, Parhypostasis, Proclus, Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite.
There are strong similarities between chapter IV of Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita’s De divini nominibus and Proclus’ De malorum subsistentia, as pointed out by the research of Hugo Koch and Joseph Stiglmayr at the end of the 19th century, revealing a dependence of the former on the latter. The purpose of this article is to analyze this relationship of dependence and its consequences in the history of the interpretation of pseudodionysian works.
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Aspects in Boethius (480-524) and his use of topical arguments and hypothetical syllogisms
Luana Talita da CRUZ
Original title: Aspectos lógicos em Boécio (480-524) e seu uso de argumentos tópicos e silogismos hipotéticos
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Boethius, Hypothetical Syllogisms, Medieval Logic, Topical Arguments.
This paper intends to draw attention to logical aspects to be found in Boethius’s works. Our intention is to highlight a connection between topical arguments and hypothetical syllogisms as well as the way Boethius uses a logical approach as the foundation of his philosophical arguments in treatises other than his commentaries on specific logical theories.
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The mulier of Saint Isidore of Seville and the Fathers of the Church. Aristolelian configurations
Pedro Carlos Louzada FONSECA
Original title: A mulier de Santo Isidoro de Sevilha e os Padres da Igreja. Configurações aristotélicas
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Aristotle, Fathers of the Church, Middle Ages, Theology and Religious Doctrine.
This article examines the presence of postulates of Ancient Science presented by Aristotle about the anatomy and physiology of the parents in the generation of animals in his book Generatione animalium [Generation of animals], which starts from the biology of the genders to reach ideological values about the male and the female. female, Widespread in the Middle Ages, the teachings of Aristotle influenced the thought and religious literature of the period of the so-called Fathers of the Church. Through comparison, the article traces of this Aristotelian theme in Saint Isidore of Seville, Saint Anselm, and Saint Thomas Aquinas with the critical purpose of concluding that the theology and morals of religious doctrine were in many respects debtors of the classical legacy of Greek Antiquity, very well represented by the well-known Stagirite.
