Article
-
The just war in St. Thomas de Aquinas and its reflections in History
Gilberto Callado de OLIVEIRA
Original title: A guerra justa em Santo Tomás de Aquino e seus reflexos na História
Published in War and Disease in Antiquity and the Middle Ages
Keywords: Crusades, Just war, Lawfulness of war, Saint Augustine, Saint Thomas Aquinas.
In the face of current offensive and preventive wars, based on ideological and economic values, Thomist philosophy and theology are very important, not only in considering the fundamentals of just war, but also applying the theory of private wars as a possible key to giving origin of a new international order. Augustine of Hippo was certainly the creator of the doctrine of just defensive war based on Christian principles, but, taken up by Aquinas, it acquired the idea of an offensive holy war, which involves the protection of justice and the honour of God.
-
The episode of the lepers in Jaufre
Anton Maria ESPADALER
Original title: L’episodi dels leprosos al Romanç de Jaufré
Published in War and Disease in Antiquity and the Middle Ages
Keywords: Leprosy, Medical Therapy, Occitan Literature, Sexual Disease.
The Occitan Roman of Jaufré offers the most complete description of a human being affected by leprosy in all medieval literature. From its behavior and treatment derives a medical knowledge, absent in pious texts, and it is observed that, while understanding leprosy as a Sexually Transmitted Disease, the author does not make any criticism of it.
-
A fame et impidemia libera nos, Domine! Mortality Crisis in Medieval Europe A fame et impidemia libera nos, Domine!
Mário Jorge da Motta BASTOS
Original title: A fame et impidemia libera nos, Domine! Crises de Mortalidade na Europa Medieval
Published in War and Disease in Antiquity and the Middle Ages
Keywords: Medieval History, Middle Ages, Mortality Crisis, Plague.
In this article, we propose to historicize the intense and, why not say, suffered incidence of the successive impacts produced by the mortality crisis in medieval societies of Western Europe – with special emphasis on those arising from epidemics of bubonic plague and famines –, considering particularly the epidemic cycle initiated by the pandemic that, between 1348 and 1352, afflicted three continents, as well as its incidence in the kingdom of Portugal between the 14th and 16th centuries. We intend to consider its main vectors, evolution, motivations and consequences in the context of a civilization that was experiencing the crisis that determined its decline.
-
Disease, War, Identities in a(nother) TV series on the Borgias
Adéla KOŤÁTKOVÁ
Original title: Malaltia, guerra, identitats en una (altra) sèrie de televisió sobre els Borja
Published in War and Disease in Antiquity and the Middle Ages
Keywords: Borgia family, Disease, Historical fiction, Identities, War.
When representing the Borgias, a part of the most recent historical fiction tends to avoid the black legend that has accompanied the surname over the centuries. In this article we review the mechanisms through which a television series presents the family as active protagonists of the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern period, as promoters of the Renaissance, not only with regard to artistic and intellectual interests, but also to the evolution of diseases and therapies or in the management of military conflicts. We also check how the creators of the series project their preconceptions on the ethnolinguistic identities of the characters.
-
Much more than flesh and bones: the body and the relationship with God in the Hebrew Bible
Renan FRIGHETTO, Willibaldo RUPPENTHAL NETO
Original title: Muito mais que carne e ossos: o corpo e a relação com Deus na Bíblia Hebraica
Published in War and Disease in Antiquity and the Middle Ages
Keywords: Body, God, Hebrew Bible, Soul.
This paper aims to analyze how the Hebrew Bible presents the human body, studying the biblical texts with particular attention to important terms for Jewish anthropology, like bāsār, usually translated as “body”, and nefesh, normally translated as “soul”, in order to highlight their particularity. This study intends to present not only the valuation of the body in the Hebrew Bible, but also its importance in the relationship between man and God according to the biblical perspective.
-
The Christian itinerary according to Evagrius Ponticus: the reach of its exegetical projections on the Holy Scriptures in general, and on the book of Ecclesiastes in particular
Santiago Hernán VÁZQUEZ, Ana Laura QUIROGA
Original title: El itinerario cristiano según Evagrio Póntico: sus proyecciones exegéticas en la Sagrada Escritura en general y en el libro del Eclesiastés en particular
Published in War and Disease in Antiquity and the Middle Ages
Keywords: Ecclesiastes, Evagrius Ponticus, Exegesis, Natural Contemplation.
In the context of current studies on the thought of Evagrius Ponticus we are interested in deepening the exegetical projections that –following a well– identified classical–Christian tradition– possesses the evagrian conception of Christianity as an itinerary of salvation. These projections extend to Sacred Scripture in general and, in a way, to the book of Ecclesiastes. Thus, after developing the sense of the evagrian itinerary and its general exegetical projections, our work will focus on the evagrian commentary entitled “Scholia on Ecclesiastes” and its place within the framework of the thought of the philosopher of Ponto. This work has been little studied but it constitutes a unique exegetical piece within the evagrian corpus. Through this work we access a deeper understanding of what Evagrius wanted to designate with the concept of “natural contemplation”. In this sense, deepening this work allows –in our view– a renewed understanding of the spiritual itinerary that constitutes, for Evagrius, the essence of Christianity. Similarly, Scholia on Ecclesiastes allow us to understand more fully the particularities of the exegetical evagrian method.
-
The Hagiographical Relations between Byzantium and the West during the Middle Byzantine Period
Spyros P. PANAGOPOULOS
Original title: Las relaciones hagiográficas entre Bizancio y Occidente durante el período bizantino medio
Published in War and Disease in Antiquity and the Middle Ages
Keywords: Byzantium, Hagiography, Middle Byzantine Period, Pilgrimage-relics, West.
In the present study a special reference is made to the hagiographical relations between Byzantium and the West. The first part is dedicated to the “communication” of Byzantium with the West, on the role played by the Lives of Byzantine Saints, the transfer and honor of their relics and pilgrimages. The phenomenon developed after the 4th century, when an attempt was made to create a liturgical and worship communication between the two Churches and the Roman Martyrologium was formed in the West. The second part is dedicated to the “communication” of the West in Byzantium through the honor of the western Saints. In the next paragraph, we talk about "communication" through the holy relics of the Saints, and it is found that the phenomenon mainly concerned Saints of the East. The paper closes with some introductory notes on translators’ translation options and techniques.
-
The Vision of the Colors. Material and Symbolic Effects between Originality and Likeness
Ángel PAZOS LÓPEZ, José María SALVADOR GONZÁLEZ
Original title: La visualidad de los colores. Efectos materiales y simbólicos entre la originalidad y la semejanza
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
