Article
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The right of resistance of the subjugated people. An example of case: the late medieval Galicia
Cecilia DEVIA
Original title: El derecho a la resistencia de los dominados. Un ejemplo de caso: la Galicia bajomedieval
Published in Manifestations of the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Galicia, Late Middle Ages, Orders, Right of resistance, Violence.
The purpose of this article is to show some of the results of an investigation in progress that pretends to examine the right of resistance exercised by the subjugated people, through a theoretical-documentary approach that uses as example of case the late medieval Galicia. It will be approached within a wide range that extends from the daily practices taken to preserve their own interests, to the study of open and declared revolts, such as the Irmandiño Revolt in 1467-1469. The theory of the three orders, considered as the prevailing worldview at the time, will be briefly discussed. Subsequently this problems will be studied through the analysis and interpretation of various sources.
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The awakening of Aragonese Humanism in Curial and Guelfa
Francis RASSELI
Original title: O despertar do Humanismo Aragonês em Curial e Guelfa
Published in Manifestations of the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Curial and Guelfa, History and Literature, Humanism, Novel Cavalry, Representation.
When we glimpse the slow turning off of the medieval lights in the fifteenth century, we see the gradual transformation (and secularization) of the code values that guided that civilization (ethics, morality, courtesy, Christian education, etc.). In this sense, literature offers the historian, who focuses on transition time, a remarkable promontory where we can observe the interpenetration of different historical times, as taught Fernand Braudel (1902-1985). That is why the study of the cavalry novel (realistic) Curial and Guelfa allows this unveiling of life in the high layers of that century. Life in the courts, civilized life, polished life. Thus, it is in our interest to analyze how the author of the novel built a certain idealized image of their own past, as forged in a text (beautifully written) an ideal chivalrous – under the humanist guise – to take as paradigmatic model King Peter III, the Great (1239-1285) of Aragon and Valencia and Count of Barcelona. For this, we will use of the (first) translation into Portuguese made by Ricardo da Costa (by invitation of the Universitat d'Alacant) to the International project IVITRA, that was published in the University of Santa Barbara (California). Our theoretical framework is based on the concept that the real power of the Middle Ages was built by cultural advertisements of heralds that lived in the cuts, thesis defended by José Manuel Nieto Soria. Besides that, we use the concept of representation exposed by Roger Chartier (1945- ).
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Art and History: the genesis of the monarchy conception in the Christian West (IV-VI centuries)
Ricardo da COSTA
Original title: Arte e História: a gênese da concepção monárquica no Ocidente cristão (sécs. IV-VI)
Published in Idea and image of royal power of the monarchies in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Christianity, Clovis I, Constantine, Middle Ages, Monarchy, Theodosius I, the Great.
The article examines the birth of the Monarchy in the Medieval West. To do it, three paradigmatic cases that helped to build the monarchical ideal are analyzed: the conversions to Christianity of Constantine the Great (272-337) and King Clovis I (c. 466-511), beyond the submission of Theodosius I (347-395) to the Roman Catholic Church, with their corresponding images (fresco, painting, sculpture, coin, illumination, tomb).
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The Golden Age of Islam: The Abbasid Caliphate Patronage and the House of Wisdom
Carmen Lícia PALAZZO
Original title: A Idade de Ouro do Islã: o mecenato do Califado Abássida e a Casa da Sabedoria
Published in Idea and image of royal power of the monarchies in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Abbasid Caliphate, Baghdad, Golden Age, Islam.
This article analyses some aspects of the so-called Golden age os Islam by following the works of the Abbasid Caliphate, concentrating on the period ranging from the establishment of the capital at Baghdad up to 833, year of Al-Mamun’s death. The House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikma) is the most potent image among manifold activities, the memory of which lives on the present day. It bears witness to a period in the History of Islam during Which caliphal power acted as a patron to sciences, philosophy, arts, and literature.
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«Caput et membras». The image of the Castilian king in the rhetoric and iconography
Osvaldo Víctor PEREYRA
Original title: «Caput et membras». La imagen del rey castellano en la retórica y la iconografía
Published in Idea and image of royal power of the monarchies in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Body, Head, King, Member, image.
The construction of the archetypal image of the Castilian king implies the combination of a set of symbols of royal power during the Middle Ages are being incorporated place as their own manifestations of political-social gravity is reaching the monarchy front of the set of groups and classes privileged kingdom. This paper attempts to highlight some of these elements that involve the symbolic realization of the king's image both in the discursive construction and iconography that accompanies it.
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The spirit, the groove of the self in St. Augustine
Giannina BURLANDO
Original title: El espíritu, surco del Yo en san Agustín
Published in Idea and image of royal power of the monarchies in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Augustine, Inside of a man, Self, Spirit.
In Aristotle’s Greek ancient universe it is “a special set of material substances: the ether, the pneuma and the beginning of the transparency and the light, hot or brilliant all of them, all assets and they are not submitted to the qualitative change, which function consists of acting as vehicles and intermediaries across which the immaterial thing relates with all other material things and acts on them. Thereby, the immobile engine acts on the totality of the things by means of the fact of putting in movement the skies consisted of ether, and the soul acts on the body and reports with it by means of the pneuma.” Armstrong noticed that this idea has a great historical importance: it comes from the pre-Socratic thought and constitutes the immediate source of the stoic doctrine of the pneuma, which is one of the essential sources wherefrom there come the ideas of the fire or of the light as the material formative and active principle that we find then in Plotinus, and that for his influence, it will persist in the medieval philosophy. In this occasion we are interested in emphasizing how this current generated in the Greek world will persist in San Augustine's philosophy, although with a difference of emphasis, namely, the way of the self and subjectivity.
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The pneumatology of Great Basilius in his treatise to Amphilochius Iconium
Eirini ARTEMI
Published in Idea and image of royal power of the monarchies in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Amphilochius of Iconium, Arian controversy, Basilius of Caesarea, Holy Spirit, Homoousios, Pneumatology, Trinitarian teaching.
St. Basilius’ contribution to pneumatology is best comprehended within the historical milieu of the Arian controversy that pervaded much of the fourth century Roman Empire religiously and politically. It is a study which focuses on Basilius's understanding of the role and the Person of the Holy Spirit, particularly as found in his treatise to Amphilochius Iconium. The distinctive character of the Holy Spirit can be defined in the light of the Trinitarian relationship of the Spirit. Basilius, like Athanasius, defines the distinctiveness of the Holy Spirit in terms of His relation to God the Father and the Son. The status and position in their relationship defines the distinctiveness of each member of the Trinity. The definition of this kind occupies the major part of Basilius’ treatise of pneumatology. Basilius’ pneumatology cannot be understood; however, apart from his thoughts on salvation and baptism, which themselves are bound together. Basilius’ argument for the divinity of the Holy Spirit works by illustrating what the Holy Spirit does. The Holy Spirit illumines and sanctifies the baptized. The Holy Spirit completes and perfects creation from the beginning of time to its end and illumines the mind of the believer to understand the message of its order. The Holy Spirit inspires the Scriptures and governs their understanding in the church. Making no claim to know the essence of God, Basilius also leaves no doubt that the Holy Spirit has revealed his divinity through his actions. Only God does what only God can do.
