Article
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The war as a metaphor in the religious art in Middle Ages
María Laura Montemurro
Original title: La guerra como metáfora en el arte religioso de la Edad Media
Published in The chivalry and the art of war in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Christianity, Medieval Art, Military Iconography.
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The Christian marvelous in the Mexico-Tenochtitlan conquest (1519-1521)
Guilherme Queiroz de Souza
Original title: O maravilhoso cristão na conquista de México-Tenochtitlán (1519-1521)
Published in The chivalry and the art of war in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Conquest of México-Tenochtitlán, Marvelous Christian, Spaniards.
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Presentation
Moisés Romanazzi TÔRRES
Original title: Apresentação
Published in Monastic and Scholastic Philosophy in the Middle Ages
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The holiness of the hagiographies Venancius Fortunatus
Ruy de Oliveira ANDRADE FILHO, João Paulo CHARRONE
Original title: A santidade nas hagiografias de Venâncius Fortunatus
Published in Monastic and Scholastic Philosophy in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Christianity, Hagiography, Problem, Sanctity, Venantius Fortunatus.
We chose to do a quick presentation about the authenticity of hagiographies of Venantius Fortunatus. Then began a debate on the concept of holiness and medieval saint. After this discussion, which this author worked with two main models of holiness: the acetic-monastic and episcopal. The first model is present in hagiographies devoted to Patern and Radegund. In these descriptions abound this lifestyle choice: the pursuit of withdrawal from the world, the martyrdom, miracles and temptations related to this kind of choice. However, their hagiographies have, in most cases, the model of episcopal sanctity. In this model, the sanctity appears as a condition for becoming a bishop, and more, the miraculous virtue is clearly a feature of such positions.
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Reflections of a woman before Hildegard – Christian martyrdom aspects in the work of Rosvita von Gandersheim
Álvaro Alfredo BRAGANÇA JÚNIOR, Christiane de RESENDE MARQUES
Original title: Reflexiones de una mujer antes de Hildegarda – aspectos del martirio cristiano en la obra de Rosvita von Gandersheim
Published in Monastic and Scholastic Philosophy in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Christian martyrdom, Medieval Culture, Medieval Literature, Roswhita von Gandersheim, The Holy Roman Empire.
Roswhita von Gandersheim (tenth century) is considered, the magistra bingensis earlier, the first female voice in literature in German-speaking lands. During its existence, the canonisa wrote epic texts, legends and six theatrical plays, to be represented within the convents, and perhaps also an external audiences. Her classical theater latin culture, specifically of Terence, it was quite helpful in their theatrical texts, in which the artistic knowledge was united their purpose of evangelization. Among the various themes that we noted in Roswhita theatrical plays, calls our attention to the presentation of the concept of martyrdom. Leaving, therefore, a discussion about the ecllesiastical meaning of the word, will get a brief exemplification in Gandersheim theatrical texts, with the intention of showing only with religious language, but mainly with the linguistic record of their texts, an indisputable tool to solidify the Christian virtues in the world in which he lived.
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The Disdacalicon of Hugh of St. Victor – Rules of reading as norms of life
Maria Simone Marinho NOGUEIRA
Original title: O Didascálicon de Hugo de São Vítor – Regras de leitura enquanto normas de vida
Published in Monastic and Scholastic Philosophy in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Reading − Rules − Method − Moral Discipline..
In the present text looks to make a reflection about some established norms in the Didascalicon of Hugh of St. Victor, seeking to show that these overwhelm the idea of a simple normativity and, in turn, recover themselves as a true moral discipline.
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The concept of contemplation in medieval monastic education: reflections on Bernard of Clairvaux
Terezinha OLIVEIRA, Rita de Cássia PIZOLI
Original title: O conceito de contemplação na educação monástica medieval: reflexões sobre Bernardo de Claraval
Published in Monastic and Scholastic Philosophy in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Bernard of Clairvaux, Cistercians, Monastic Education.
This article reflects on the thought of Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153) in order to understand the dynamics of the Cistercian monastic education and its influence in the educational process in century XII. In light of social history, the first part presents some aspects of the social structures of medieval christian west, relating the broader context with the Cistercian monastic reform proposal that forwarded the Church for an important moment against the temporal power, with Pope Innocent III (1198-1216). Bernardo of Clairvaux became a part key of the church reform that was in course, from the gregorian reform and has in contact with all the importants points of the conflicts politicians of its time. Its letters and its writhings disclose the dynamics between action and contemplation that if became its life and, by means of them, we can perceive the influence in the direction of the society, that if wants guided in the values of the authenticity of the love, conscience of itself, taste for the pureness spiritual and the affirmation of the dignity of the man as image and similarity of God. This vision Christian humanist and the valuation of the knowledge as conscience of itself, were the basis for the mystical movement developed by the Cistercians. Finally, the text presents reflections on the Sermon on the Vigil of Christmas to explain the devotion to the humanity of Jesus as one of the theological basis for learning the route of ascent to contemplation, as understood by the monks developed psychic ability to achieve affection and unity between reason.
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The Cluny Unicorn from Sero te amavi
Silvia MAGNAVACCA
Original title: El unicornio de Cluny desde el Sero te amavi
Published in Monastic and Scholastic Philosophy in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Cluny, Sero te amavi, Unicorn.
The author tested a reflection on the role of sensuality in Augustinian thought about a work of art medieval tapestries “The Lady and the Unicorn” in the National Museum of the Middle Ages, in Cluny. To do this, first, remember the bill of the work, its dating and arrangement, noting also the main interpretations of which was the object. Secondly, on the basis of medieval symbolism, describes and analyzes each of the six tapestries that comprise, in which, according to the traditional interpretation, see represented the external senses, reserving for the end the enigmatic sixth tapestry, In third, it refers also to other parts of the Augustinian work, the book X of the Confessions, centered on Sero te amavi you to highlight some points of Augustine's thought, some underlined, and shows that they agree a variant in the traditional interpretation of these famous medieval tapestries. Finally, summarizes his conclusions, emphasizing the character of mere exercise proposed hermeneutic interpretation.
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Ascensio in Deum per vestigia et in vestigiis. The St. Bonaventure’s immanent Aesthetics and its possible reflections in the iconography of the Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi
José María SALVADOR GONZÁLEZ
Original title: Ascensio in Deum per vestigia et in vestigiis. La Estética inmanente de San Buenaventura y sus posibles reflejos en la iconografía de la Basílica de San Francisco en Asís
Published in Monastic and Scholastic Philosophy in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Aesthetics, Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi, Created world, God, Iconography, Medieval Philosophy, St. Bonaventure, Vestige.
In his Itinerarium mentis in Deum (1259), St. Bonaventure (1221-1274) discusses the six degrees (with a seventh of ecstatic enjoyment) by which man can and should ascend from the created world to contemplate God. In this paper we will analyze only the first two grades of this Itinerarium, which constitute both of them what we might call the “immanent aesthetic” of St. Bonaventure. Highlighting then two of the central theses of this “immanent aesthetic”, we shall try to show the possible reflections that these theses may have had in the iconography of some frescoes in the Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi.
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The language in the medieval scholasticism
Ivanaldo SANTOS
Original title: A linguagem na escolástica medieval
Published in Monastic and Scholastic Philosophy in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Language, Medieval, Problem, Scholasticism, Thomas Aquinas.
This article aims introducing the problem of the language in the medieval scholasticism, specifically in the work by Tomás de Aquino, thinker of greater notoriety in the scholasticism. In order to achieve this goal this article was divided in two parts: 1) The medieval scholasticism; 2) The language in the thought of Tomás de Aquino. Finally, it is confirmed that is necessary perceive that the medieval scholasticism provided relevant discussions about themes that centuries later, guided the modernity, for example, the method, the logic and the language.
