Article
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The Glassmaking Business in the Medieval Iberian Peninsula
Eduardo JUÁREZ VALERO
Original title: El negocio del vidrio en la Península Ibérica medieval
Published in Emotions in the Ancient and Medieval Mediterranean World
Keywords: Glass, Glassmaking monopoly, Guilds, Protection of the secret knowledge, Trading.
Secret was the essence of the knowledge in the world of the glassmaking during the Middle and Modern Ages. As the glassmakers were protecting their secret knowledge, they were creating special types of guilds associated to a special legal environments. In Spain the most important example was the environment of the glassmakers’ guild of Barcelona and the Castilian way, especially in Cadalso de los Vidrios. This article studies the evolution of those legal environments and their influence in the Spanish glass monopoly.
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Between silence and screams. The emotional manifestations as a support of historical discourse during the reign of John II of Castile
Flora RAMIRES
Original title: Entre el silencio y el grito. Las manifestaciones emocionales como soporte del discurso historiográfico durante el reinado de Juan II de Castilla
Published in Emotions in the Ancient and Medieval Mediterranean World
Keywords: Anger, Emotion, John II of Castile, Politics, Tears.
The emotions of the king John II of Castile (1407-1454), from the official chronicle of the kingdom, the Alvar García de Santa María. We emphasize the importance of emotions in the reign of the king as a political practice. By examining the forms of reactions and emotions that were transmitted and appeared in the historiography of the episode of the hit of Tordesilas be distinguished the words and actions that affirm the power of the king and the power of the emotions of the king. Therefore, we will focus on the silences of the king and the forms of anger.
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Love in the Time of Demons: Thirteenth-Century Approaches to the Capacity for Love in Fallen Angels
Juanita FEROS RUYS
Original title: O amor em tempos demoníacos: diferentes abordagens no século XIII para a capacidade de amar dos anjos caídos
Published in Emotions in the Ancient and Medieval Mediterranean World
Keywords: Demons, Free will, Friendship, Natural love, lust.
Demons in the Middle Ages were primarily known as creatures that could feel only envy, anger, and malicious glee. But there remained an undercurrent in both scholastic thought and monastic tales that also understood demons as creatures once capable−and perhaps still so−of love. This paper examines the capacity for love and friendship attributed to demons in the thirteenth century. It shows how love could be seen as the motivating emotion in their original fall from Heaven, and explores the role love is subsequently thought to have played in both their relationships with each other and their amatory and sexual relationships with humans.
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Commentary of João da Cruz about the verse “With thirst in inflammables loves” in the second book of Dark Night
Marcelo Martins BARREIRA
Original title: Comentário de João da Cruz ao verso com ânsias em amores inflamados no segundo livro da Noite Escura
Published in Mystic and Millenarianism in Middle Ages
Keywords: João da Cruz, Love, Medieval Philosophy, Mystic, soul.
The article is about the will in mystical contemplation. From the chapters 11-13 of the John of the Cross’s work entitled The Dark Night. There is in this book a original reading of John of the Cross on the relationship between will and intellect, especially with the "inflammation of love" in the soul.
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Black Death and eschatology: the effects of the attendance of death on 14th century religiosity
Tamara QUÍRICO
Original title: Peste Negra e escatologia: os efeitos da expectativa da morte sobre a religiosidade do século XIV
Published in Mystic and Millenarianism in Middle Ages
Keywords: Black Death, Eschatology, Italy, Religiosity.
This article shall discuss in which ways the Black Death of 1348 (as well as the recurrent outbreaks of the epidemic until the end of the century and even after) created an atmosphere of pessimism and fear, and how the apprehension of an imminent death and of the proximity of the end of the world engendered changes also in religious practices. For methodological reasons, the analysis shall focus on the Italian Peninsula, although specific examples from other areas may also be mentioned.
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The Gottesgeburtszyklus by Master Eckhart: the fundamental mystic of “birth of God in soul” (Sermons 101 to 104)
Bento Silva SANTOS
Original title: O Gottesgeburtszyklus de Meister Eckhart: a mística fundamental do “nascimento de Deus na alma” (Sermões 101 a 104)
Published in Mystic and Millenarianism in Middle Ages
Keywords: God, Master Eckhart, Medieval Philosophy, soul.
This work analyses the famous sermons of “the birth of God in soul” (101-104), wrote in Middle High German by Master Eckhart, one of the main themes of his studies about the “fundamental mystic”. In the words of the Rhine master has been an unequivocally mystic and will to be free of psychological horizon of human subjectivity, as an expression to God and to soul’s union with the divinity. Eckhart affirmed in these sermons the intellectual necessity of “internalize itself”, i.e., the intellect would come back to his “essence”. Thus, it will perform the “birth of God in soul”. How it happens to Eckhart? The coronation of God’s action into the “deep of soul” will resemble to the top of “knowledge unknown”, it means, a condition of “epistemic obscurity” to the intellect. Therefore, the absence of knowledge is the condition for the union with the deity (Gottheit): we can’t see God unless by the blindness. We can’t know him unless by the “unknowledge”. The “return” from the multiply world to the indistinct One means to pass from the condition of know to the unknown; It means yet the transition between the created being to the nonbeing of God until culminate the nonbeing of deity. This is the condition of this “birth”.
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The Laude Spaniae of Isidore of Seville in the Iberic Medieval Chronicles (VIIIth-XIVth centuries)
António REI
Original title: A Laude Spaniae de Isidoro de Sevilha na Cronística Medieval Peninsular (séculos VIII-XIV)
Published in Relations between History and Literature in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Chronicles, Isidore of Seville, Laude Spaniae, Middle Ages, Reconquest.
The presence of Laude Spaniae (Praise of Hispania) of Isidor, bishop of Seville in the medieval chronicles wrote in the Iberic Peninsula between the VIIIth and the XIVth centuries, by the Christian political powers, as an emotional part of the chronicle text, leading to the effort of military “reconquest” to the muslim powers in the andalusian parts of the Peninsula.
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The coronation of norwegian kings in Trondheim: the case of Magnús Erlingsson (1156-1184)
Edmar Checon de FREITAS and Renan Marques BIRRO
Original title: A coroação dos reis noruegueses em Trondheim (séc. XII): o caso de Magnús Erlingsson (1156-1184)
Published in Relations between History and Literature in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Kingship, Legitimation, Norway, Royal religion, XII century.
This work analyses the coronation’s process of Norwegian kings in the second half of XII century, with special attention to the ceremony for ascension of Magnús Erlingsson (11561184) to the norwegian throne. From the contraposition of many sources of XI-XIII centuries and with the support of royal religion concept of Jacques Le Goff, the present work delineated the transformation of a boy in a king, especially from a detailed analysis of Privilegiebrev (Letter of Privileges, c. 1163-1164), source that explores the potential of christian religion to legitimate a monarch and a dynasty under the Norwegian civil wars of the XII century.
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A comparative Anthropology and traditional music of the Berber and galician-portuguese peoples. A cultural approach between the West, PreIslam and north African Islam
José Carlos Rios CAMACHO
Original title: Antropologia comparada e música tradicional dos povos berbere e galego-português. Um achegamento cultural entre o Ocidente, o Pré- Islão e o Islão norteafricano
Published in Relations between History and Literature in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Anthropology, Berber, Galician-Portuguese, Music, Myths.
The intentions and the short account of this anthropologic preliminary essay are the result of our work about some directs observations of the social and cultural-musical realities at the Moroccan Rif in the second semester of the 1990 year. At the same time, we attempt to give some general notes about the Ancient-Medieval History, literature (the legends and myths) and the cultures of the Berber and Galician-Portuguese peoples, based in a vast Atlantic culture which will spread out the entire quadrant from Galicia-Ireland-Britain to the north-African Rif.
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The chivalrous ideal of Saint Bernard in The Holy Grail Demand
Ademir Luiz da SILVA
Original title: O ideal cavaleiresco de São Bernardo em A Demanda do Santo Graal
Published in Relations between History and Literature in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Bernard of Clairvaux, Knight Templar Order, Medieval Literature, Middle Ages, The Holy Grail Demand.
The Knight Templar Order was established in Palestine, between 1118 and 1119, after the Christian victory on the First Great Crusades, aiming to protect the palmeiros visitors at the Holy Sites. By fits and starts the former warrior monks reached fame and under Bernardo de Claraval intellectual tutorage the Templar was soon spread throughout Europe. The demand, the quest symbol, replaced the crusade sentiment. The literary meaning of these standards, including the joaquimita millenarian strong influence, can be found in Portuguese version of the French feat novel The Holy Grail Demand.
