Article
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Kumbi Ṣāliḥ. An example of twin city. The zenith and the fall
Vicente CASTRO MARTÍNEZ
Original title: Kumbi Ṣāliḥ. Un ejemplo de ciudad gemela. Auge y caída
Published in Returning to Eden
Keywords: African values, Bilād as-Sudān, Ghana and Almoravids, Islam, Kumbi Ṣāliḥ.
The concept of twin city which, many times, is considered specifically African but, however, has its origin in the rise of Islam in territories such as Iraq and Egypt. The aim of this article is nothing but reflexing about this concept using the example of the ancient city of Kumbi Ṣāliḥ. Along the following lines there will be exposed some ideas as the origin of the city, its rise related to its condition of capital of the Kingdom of Ghana, the relation between Islamic and traditional African values and the causes of the decline that ends with the abandon of this place at the beginning of the 13th century. In addition, there will be used some sorts of resources such as archaeological discoveries, written records, and other piece of historical works. Finally, this essay has the proposal of using these resources in a complementary way.
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Transactions from beyond life: wills with votes in favor of souls in Portuguese-Brazilian society in the crisis of the Ancien Régime (1700-1750)
Venceslau Tavares COSTA FILHO
Original title: Negócios do Além: testamentos em sufrágio das almas na sociedade luso-brasileira na crise do Antigo Regime (1700-1750)
Published in Returning to Eden
Keywords: Economy of Salvation, Inheritance Law, Social practices, Wills.
This article aims to discuss the use of wills with clauses on the suffrage of souls in the context of the economy of salvation in the first half of the 18th century in Brazil.
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Iconographic analysis of the Façade of the Temple of San Pablo, in Yuriria, Guanajuato
Carmen Fabiola MORENO VIDAL
Original title: Análisis iconográfico de la Portada del Templo de San Pablo, en Yuriria, Guanajuato
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Apollo, Augustinians, Caliculus, Candelieri, Façade, Hades, Heracles canephores, Yuriria.
The plateresque doorway of the temple of San Pablo in Yuriria, incorporates elements of the classical world with a clear Christological allusion where the representation of Apollo is a prefiguration of Christ and Hades of death through sin, which are in permanent struggle and for this reason they are represented as archers facing each other, sirens are evil beings who tempt with their songs and canephores are carriers of divine grace through the abundance of fruits of the earth and food dishes. The program of the theological discourse is organized in eminently didactic terms where the abundance of nutritious food for man can only be given through divine mercy. The novelty of this Façade is the profuse decoration with caliculus, these are present in all the bodies and in an infinity of compositions, in addition to incorporating in the auction the holy founder of the Augustinian order, of gigantic dimensions, making this one of the most notable convent Façade of the 16th century in Mexico.
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Imaginari: the absent present in the Baroque
Waldir BARRETO; Thais CAREZZATO
Original title: Imaginari: a presença ausente no Barroco
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Absence, Baroque, Imagination, Presence.
This essay presents an introductory and speculative approach to the paradigmatic change that occurred between the 16th and 17th centuries in the artistic treatment of the idea of “presence in absence”. Based on some comparative categories by Heinrich Wölfflin and semiotics by Charles Peirce, taken as merely functional tools and not directive concepts, it proposes the Baroque as the starting point of a historical process of relativization, opening and expansion of the space constituting a work of art.
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The discussion on the origin of evil in Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite’s De divini nominibus and its dependence on Proclus’ De malorum subsistentia
Matteo RASCHIETTI
Original title: A discussão sobre a origem do mal no De divini nominibus do Pseudo-Dionísio Areopagita e sua dependência do De malorum subsistentia de Proclo
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Neoplatonism, Origin of Evil, Parhypostasis, Proclus, Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite.
There are strong similarities between chapter IV of Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita’s De divini nominibus and Proclus’ De malorum subsistentia, as pointed out by the research of Hugo Koch and Joseph Stiglmayr at the end of the 19th century, revealing a dependence of the former on the latter. The purpose of this article is to analyze this relationship of dependence and its consequences in the history of the interpretation of pseudodionysian works.
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The Way to Heaven: religious instruction in the seventeenth century through Jesuit board games
Adrian SEVILLE
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: 17th century, Art History, Board game history, Emblematics, France, Jesuits, Missionaries in Canada, Missionaries in Turkey, Religious instruction.
During the 17th century, French Jesuits adapted the well-known jeu de l’oie (Game of the Goose) for the purposes of religious instruction in their foreign Missions. These games consisted of a series of religious emblems arranged to form a spiral track, the movement of tokens along this being determined by chance, subject to particular rules. The earliest of these games, the Jeu du Point au Point, is analysed in detail, giving historical background and explanation of the emblems and their significance. Two similar Jesuit games are surveyed and compared with other religious games of the period. It is evident that the visual image played a commanding role in Jesuit education.
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The imaginary of the Christian Beyond in a Board Game: a playful tool for Teaching Medieval History
Adriana ZIERER; Solange Pereira OLIVEIRA
Original title: O imaginário do Além Cristão num jogo de tabuleiro: uma ferramenta lúdica para o Ensino de História Medieval
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Beyond Medieval, Board Game, History Teaching, Medieval Imaginary.
This article addresses the theme of the imaginary of the Christian Beyond in an authorial game, in board mode, as a playful tool for teaching-learning in Medieval History. With this teaching resource, which has great potential for teaching, we intend to establish a mobilization of playful knowledge about the possibilities of approaches to Christian religiosity in the medieval historical context. We will share the methodological process of creating and receiving the practice of playing in different learning spaces, because of the experiences of applicability of this game, which aims to help teachers and students who do not have the technique of developing analog games in the medieval period and in others. different historical temporalities.
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Army, game, and social order: an approach to the cosmic metaphor of the justification of war in De bello by Juan de Legnano
Emiliano ALDEGANI; Lucía GARCÍA ALMEIDA
Original title: Ejército, juego y orden social: una aproximación a la metáfora cósmica de la justificación de la guerra en De bello de Juan de Legnano
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Game, Huizinga, Legnano, Middle Ages, War.
The aim of this paper is to point out the articulation between the celestial order and the military order expressed in the work of the medieval jurist John of Legnano (14th century) in the Tractatus de Bello, de Represaliis et de duello. In the introduction to his book, he states that ‘human war’ reflects war in the divine order, which leads the author to justify the military conflicts present in his time as coming from God, a hypothesis that he supports based on the testimonies offered by the Gospels. Thus, in the first chapter, he divides war into Spiritual, celestial, or human warfare and Corporal, universal or warfare. In addition, some central ideas of the medievalist Johan Huizinga, in his work Homo ludens, on the sacred meaning of victory in the context of medieval military confrontations, which is deeply related to the meaning of victory in the game, will be recovered. Based on this key reading, the aim is to contextualise Legnano's conception within the framework of the canonical understandings of the foundations of war conflicts that prevailed in the late medieval period.
