Article
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Peace and just war according to Thomas Aquinas
Luís Carlos Silva de SOUSA
Original title: Paz e guerra justa de acordo com Tomás de Aquino
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Justice, Peace, Thomas Aquinas, War.
The goal of this text is to analyze the notion of peace in Thomas Aquinas’ theory of just war. The texts of Summa theologiae are as follows: STh. IIa-IIae, q. 40, a. 1 and STh. IIa-IIae q. 29, a. 1 and 2. Thomas Aquinas places the notion of peace as the goal of war in the broad context of an ethics of virtues in the line proposed by Aristotle. However, we will argue that Thomas Aquinas’ reception of the Augustinian notion of peace as tranquillitas ordinis (tranquillity of order) plays a fundamental role in his view of just war by allowing him a transcendental justification.
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The Double Effect Doctrine in Thomas Aquinas’ Just War
Marco Alexandre RIBEIRO
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Culture and mentalities, Ethics of/in War, Medieval Philosophy, Thomism.
The use of war to expand the limits of Christianity or the limits of the power of the Christian Church was, from an early age, regular. This theme, which over the centuries has been the subject of intense debates among intellectuals who tried to justify the morality of this war or, by contrast, served to develop various attacks on the Church, is the focus of the present work. In this way, we seek to understand here the development of the concept of just war in St. Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologiae, it’s way of justifying the use of war, the moments when its use is legitimate, the applicability of the Double Effect Doctrine in this concept and also the influence that his thought exercised on chronologically closer thinkers, but also contemporary philosophy, using to this purpose, the work of Elizabeth Anscombe, a striking figure in twentieth-century philosophy, to understand the pertinence of the medieval theologian thought in this matter.
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The beginning of the path to equality: a comparison of medieval male and female texts about women in the Middle Ages
Sheila ADÁN LLEDÍN
Original title: El principio del camino a la igualdad: Una comparativa de textos medievales femeninos y masculinos sobre la mujer en la Edad Media
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Comparison, Female, Male, Middle Ages, Misogyny, Writing.
We are used to read medieval texts created by men, but there were not only male’s quills. There were also many documents written by women that have not been discussed so far, where they stand up for other women, speaking of their selves, their circumstances, their lives, their feelings, their sex’s conception, and their opinions, despite the prohibitions and impediments that were imposed to them. This is what this article aims to show: inspirational testimonies that stand for progress, change, fight, and equality. A comparison between what men in the Middle Ages wrote about women, and what women at that time wrote about women.
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The Pan-Hispanic Ballad La bella en missa: The feminine beauty in the descriptio mulieris of the traditional poetry and in the Croatian and Spanish Petrarquist Poems
Simona DELIĆ
Original title: El romance pan-hispánico La bella en misa: La belleza femenina en la descriptio mulieris de la poesía tradicional y de los poemas petrarquistas croatas y españoles
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Comparative literature, Croatian and Spanish Petrarquism, Descriptio mulieris, Formulaic discourse, Hanibal Lucić, Poetical discourse.
This study tries to interpret the descriptio mulieris in the Croatian and Pan-Hispanic traditional poetry in the comparative study with the Petrarquist poetry. Its common denominator is the poetic formula of the feminine beauty. A special attention is dedicated to the study of the Mediterranean traditional poetry, the poems from the Dubrovnik region and some manifestations of the Sephardic poetry, the ballad type of La bella en misa, of the Mediaeval ethos and aesthetics. The thematological study also includes the analysis of the Croatian Petrarquist poems and its poetics and poetical language, with the particular interest for the poetry of the Croatian poet Hanibal Lucić. The different poetical discourse of the “small Venus” and the “large Venus” is distinguished. It is considered in fact as the same poetical image stylistically nuanced distributed in the artistic and in the traditional poetry, inspired in the poetical and philosophical Dasein, with the specific voyage toward the revelation of the knowledge thanks to the aristocratic sensuality and the first instinct, singularly Dalmatian and at the same time Mediterranean and universal.
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Textile crafts regulations in the Portuguese urban areas, 14th-15th centuries
Joana SEQUEIRA
Original title: A regulamentação dos ofícios têxteis no mundo urbano em Portugal, séculos XIV-XV
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Common good, Crafts, Guilds, Regulation, Textile.
This article examines the regulations concerning the different textile occupations in Portugal between the 14th and 15th centuries, with a specific focus on those emanated by the municipalities of Lisbon, Porto and Évora. To understand the specificities of the textile sector in contrast to other crafts in different spaces, the regulations are classified and analysed according to its contents. Since these contents vary depending on the authors of the regulations, the analysis considers the socio-political context of its production. I. Introduction: Crafts regulation as a research topic II. The Portuguese legal context and the available sources III. The textile sector in Portugal in the Middle Ages IV. The contents of regulations: setting wages V. The contents of regulations: weights and measures control and quality control VI. The contents of regulations: activities settings and sanitary conditions VII. The contents of regulations: levies VIII. The silences of the regulations IX. Conclusions.
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Christian iconography: The Great Power of God and its iconographic development in the Canary Islands. Art, History and Tradition
Clementina CALERO RUIZ, Domingo SOLA ANTEQUERA
Original title: Iconografía cristiana: El Gran Poder de Dios y su desarrollo iconográfico en Canarias. Arte, Historia y Tradición
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Art and Tradition, Exvotes and Miracles, Great Power of God, Iconography, Promises.
The Great Power of God is an iconography based on that wounded and pensive one called Humility and Patience Christ. This representation changed to another triumphant and glorious one throughout the 18th Century. This iconography was adopted in the Canary Islands, especially in the Tenerife town of Puerto de la Cruz, after the arriving of a statue with that advocation at the very beginning of that century. In 1754 an engraving of this sacred icon was done. Several paintings derive from it helping to spread its miraculous fame outside the Islands, even reaching Latin American territories.
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Presentation Mirabilia Journal 31
Ricardo da COSTA
Original title: Presentación Mirabilia Journal 31
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
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The Symbolic and Moral Interpretation of the Hippocratic Oath
Hélio Angotti-Neto
Original title: A Interpretação Simbólica e Moral do Juramento Hipocrático
Published in Mirabilia Journal
Keywords: Aristotle, Hippocrates, Hippocratic Oath, History of Medicine, Medical Humanities.
The Hippocratic Oath remains as one of the most famous ethical texts in Medical Ethics and Bioethics. The objective of this essay is to clarify its poetic and symbolic interpretations, searching for the adequate comprehension of the Oath using a critical narrative approach with the Aristotelian Theory of the Four Discourses and the interpretation of its direct, indirect, specific and general moral prescriptions. The Oath is a poetic text, which can be used to cause a powerful impression upon the new physician, helping in his moral education and in his commitment with the moral community of Medicine. This analysis makes evident that the Hippocratic Oath still can be used for medical education and professional inspiration, rather than just be discarded as a historical curiosity. The conclusion is that the Oath can be approached more properly with specific literary and philosophical tools that can decode its meanings to better comprehension for the contemporary physician.
