Article
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Nobility and Diplomacy in Portugal (15th century)
Douglas Mota Xavier de LIMA
Original title: Nobreza e diplomacia em Portugal (séc. XV)
Published in Society and Culture in Portugal
Keywords: Diplomacy, Nobility, Portugal.
From the studies of the new history of medieval diplomacy, the article addresses the participation of the nobility in diplomacy, considering the kingdom of Portugal in the fifteenth century, when the office of ambassador gained its first definitions in the West. The text discusses the role of the courtesan nobility, focusing attention on the Sousa and Silveira families, lineages with important presence in diplomacy.
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The role of Ephesus in the late antiquity from the period of Diocletian to 449AD the Robber Synod
Eirini ARTEMI
Published in Society and Culture in Portugal
Keywords: Council of Ephesus, Cyril of Alexandria, Diocletian, Edict of Thessalonica, Ephesus, Robber Synod, Temple of Artemis.
During the reign of Diocletian (284-305AD), Ephesus was reorganized on centralized and authoritarian lines down to the provincial level. A big part of the city was rebuilt by Constantine I. In 401AD after the Edict of Thessalonica from Emperor Theodosius I, the ruins of temple of Artemis was destroyed. The most important role of the city took place in 431AD. There, the Council of Ephesus was assembled by the Emperor Theodosius the younger to settle the contentions which had been raised in the Church by the heretical teaching of Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople. Finally, in 449AD another council took place the Robber Synod, which was condemned by the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon in 451.
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Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, El Cid (1048-1099), very good knight and from great lineage
Olga PISNITCHENKO
Original title: Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, El Cid (1048-1099), muy buen cauallero e de grande linaje
Published in Society and Culture in Portugal
Keywords: Castile, El Cid, Estoria de España, Leon, chivalry.
This article proposes to analyze the image of Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar constructed by Estoria de España of Alfonso X and as chronicles derived from it. Our research is concentrated not so much on the study of political and military abilities of El Cid, but mainly on the knightly model that is elaborated from its image by the chroniclers that represent a voice of the king in the analyzed historical works. According to the chronicles, Rodrigo acts as a vassal of the three kings (Fernando, Sancho and Alfonso) who succeed each other on the throne of Castile and Leon, constructing with each one of them peculiar relations that introduce to the reader or listener of history a wide spectrum of situations in which Rodrigo continues to remain within the line of behavior of an exemplary vassal.
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Between Byzantium and Outremer: considerations on leprosy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
Esteban Augusto GREIF
Original title: Entre Bizancio y Outremer: consideraciones sobre la lepra en el Reino Latino de Jerusalén
Published in Society and Culture in Portugal
Keywords: Byzantium, Continuity, Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, Leper.
In the last years, the comprehension and understanding of leprosy and the social place of the leper as a rejected and stigmatized subject from society during the Middle Ages, have change. In this way, had come to light a new interpretation that detached the integration of those who suffer this disease. Similarly, the view of the leprosarium as spaces of social segregation was revised. Besides, new investigations about the treatment of this disease in the world of the Eastern Mediterranean started to appear. However, the analysis of the circulation of knowledge and practices between the East and the West were not frequent. Thus, our proposal, it is located into this space and tries to comprehend which was the social treatment of leprosy and lepers from the byzantine world that impacted in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.
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The Imaginary Tradition of the Divine Voice in The Quest for the Holy Grail: Salvation and Revelation
Alessandra Fabrícia Conde da SILVA; Pedro Carlos Louzada FONSECA
Original title: A tradição imaginária da voz divina em A Demanda do Santo Graal: salvação e revelação
Published in Society and Culture in Portugal
Keywords: Divine Voice, Fisher King, Medieval Literature, Sister of Percival, The Quest for the Holy Grail.
The Divine Voice or voice without body appears in many episodes of The Quest for the Holy Grail, communicating with several characters in different ways. It represents one of the aspects of the medieval imaginary tradition present in the work. This article presents an overview of the manifestations of the Santa Voz, when in contact with several characters, especially with the sister maiden of Perceval and the Fisher King. And it shows what is special about this manifestation revealed to these characters. In the discussion of the theme the article argues on a possible rescue of the feminine figure within the scope of the medieval masculinist culture. For the accomplishment of this study, critical support was sought in Paul Zumthor, Gilbert Durand, Howard Bloch, Mario Pilosu, among other authors.
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Bernat Metge and Ramon Llull in front of the Saracens
Julia BUTIÑÁ JIMÉNEZ
Original title: Bernat Metge y Ramon Llull frente a los sarracenos
Published in Society and Culture in Portugal
Keywords: Bernat Metge, Humanisme, Middle Ages, Ramon Llull.
A passage from the book I of Bernat Metge’s Lo somni that had not been attended before, when hi is treating of the paradise of the Saracens, acquires a lucid sense with his reading in the shade of the Llibre del gentil e dels tres savis of Ramon Llull and under a humanistic interpretation. The systematic burlesque one of the barcelonian notary becomes clear across a source of traditional mentality: Ramon Martí. With it, Metge is anticipating the defense of the women, to which he will dedicate the books the III and IVth, as well as it signs his lulian adherence.
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Feasts, Theatre and Power
Lenora Pinto MENDES
Original title: Festa, Teatro e Poder
Published in Society and Culture in Portugal
Keywords: City, Feasts, Monarchy.
The Avis Dynasty took power in Portugal in the fourteenth century with the support of the population of the cities of Lisbon, Porto and Coimbra. From the beginning, it made use of the popular festivities as a form of support and legitimation. Throughout the entire dynasty, in the royal festivities the urban segments of the cities were present, reinforcing the vassal contract between the kings and the cities. In the reign of D. Manuel the theater will be part of this dynamic and will highlight Gil Vicente, first Portuguese playwright who acted in the courts of D. Manuel and D. João III, creating theatrical acts for the most important moments of the royal festivities such as births, coronations and funerals.
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Portugal and its westerns roots
Ricardo da COSTA & Adriana ZIERER
Original title: Portugal e suas raízes ocidentais
Published in Society and Culture in Portugal
