Article
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Homo, animal pacificans: Toward an interpretation of Llull’s system in anthropological key
Julián BARENSTEIN
Original title: Homo, animal pacificans: Hacia una interpretación del sistema luliano en clave antropológica
Published in Ramon Llull. Seventh centenary
Keywords: Human télos, Lullian Anthropology, New interpretation, Peace, Ramon Llull.
In this paper we present the fundamental guidelines for a general interpretation of Llull’s system that takes as points of support the conception of man put forward by Ramon Llull and the specific role of the human being, his télos, in this world. Also, in the course of our research we use elements taken from current interpretations to show, finally, their compatibility in the light of our proposal.
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Considerations about Liber Contemplationis in Deum
Matilde CONDE SALAZAR, Carmen Teresa PABÓN DE ACUÑA
Original title: Consideraciones en torno al Liber Contemplationis in Deum
Published in Ramon Llull. Seventh centenary
Keywords: Faith, God, Hope, Infidels, Liber Contemplationis in Deum, Mercy, Parallel schemes, Repentance.
The aim of this brief study is to offer some characteristics that have caught our attention in the very broad “Liber contemplationis in Deum”. These aspects are, from a formal point of view, the use of schemes, generally in the form of very carefully designed parallel patterns throughout the Liber; the overwhelming passion that is reflected in the wealth and variety of adjectives that invoke God; and above all, and underlying all the text, the continuous manifestation of Llull’s deep regret and repentance as a sinner, the need to share his faith with infidels and the song of hope and trust in the mercy and pity of God, which marks the culminating points of each chapter.
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The names of the Moors: the perception of the ethnic-cultural differences of the Islamic populations in a Castilian documentation of the 13th century
Renata VEREZA
Original title: Os nomes dos mouros: a percepção das diferenças étnico-culturais das populações islâmicas em uma documentação castelhana do século XIII
Published in Ramon Llull. Seventh centenary
Keywords: 13th century, Alfonso X, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Castille, Moors.
The present work analyzes how the Muslims are represented, particularly in the Marian songbook produced by Alfonso X of Castile in the second half of the 13th century (“Cantigas de Santa Maria”), in order to verify if the ethnic cultural differences of the Islamic populations, both of the Iberian Peninsula, and from North Africa and the East are reflected in the documentation. In addition, it seeks to ascertain whether it is possible to affirm ignorance on the part of Christians in relation to the internal divisions of the Islamic world, or whether missing information is due to the specific political agenda.
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The Political project and juridical production of Alphonse X. Considerations on the Relationship between Text and Context in some variants in his prologues
Daniel A. PANATERI
Original title: Proyecto político y producción jurídica en Alfonso X. Consideraciones sobre la relación texto-contexto a partir de algunas variantes en sus proemios
Published in Ramon Llull. Seventh centenary
Keywords: Law, Monarchy, Politics, discourse, manuscripts.
The aim of this paper is to show how discursive variants stated in the prologues of the juridical works by Alphonse X –in particular, the Siete Partidas– become essential elements for the analysis of changes in his political projects. In this regard, I intend to show the ways in which alphonsine juridical writings are connected to their context, in order to understand the different communicative strategies that are present in those texts as a part of the changes and adaptations that were influenced by historical events.
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Uses of the supernatural in the Middle Welsh Chwedyl Iarlles y Ffynnawn
Isabelle VALADE, Luciana CORDO RUSSO, Lee RAYE
Published in Ramon Llull. Seventh centenary
Keywords: Arthurian, Chrétien de Troyes, Medieval Welsh, Owein, Supernatural.
This paper examines supernatural episodes in the story of the Knight of the Lion. The story has closely related versions in French (Yvain, ou le Chevalier au Lion) and in Welsh (Owein: Chwedyl Iarlles y Ffynnawn), which allow for analysis and comparison. Even without assuming which author wrote first, we can still study how each text was adapted differently for audiences in Wales and France. This essay finds eleven episodes across both texts (eight in Yvain and nine in Owein). We categorise the supernatural in these episodes as mirabilia, magicus or miraculosus, after Le Goff, Kieckhefer and Sweeney. Our final analysis shows that miraculosus dominates in the French version, presumably due to a Christianising urge of Chrétien de Troyes which emphasises the agency of God in the text. This is not the case in the Welsh version where mirabilis episodes dominate, and the supernatural elements are kept separate from the religious aspects of the text. This analysis suggests that Welsh audiences were more comfortable with secular episodes of the supernatural than French audiences.
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From bestiaries to the Iconology of Cesare Ripa: the construction of political and religious representations at the dawn of the Modern Age
Maria Leonor García da CRUZ
Original title: Dos bestiários à Iconologia de César Ripa: a construção de representações políticas e religiosas nos alvores da Época Moderna
Published in Ramon Llull. Seventh centenary
Keywords: Bestiary, Fox, Iconology, Machiavelli, Reform, Wolf.
Wolves and foxes, traditionally chosen as representatives of the threat to the sheep that were led by the Pope, Pastor of souls, were animals used both positively and negatively in religious and profane literature, in bestiaries, emblem books and in the “Iconology” of Cesare Ripa in the late 16th century. Putting special emphasis on the latter and comparing political thought and 16th-entury movements of spirituality, I shall attempt to explain meanings in the textual and pictorial representations of the time, in an approach that is part of the “Imagery Studies” of Lisbon University’s History Centre.
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La poétique du corps: expressions et gestes dans le Retable de Saint Jean-Baptiste (1425-1430) de Bernat Martorell (1390-1452)
Matheus Corassa da SILVA, Ricardo da COSTA
Original title: A poética do corpo: expressões e gestos no Retábulo de São João Batista (1425-1430) de Bernat Martorell (1390-1452)
Published in Ramon Llull. Seventh centenary
Keywords: Analyse iconographique, Bernat Martorell, Corps, Gothique internacional, Retable de Saint Jean-Baptiste.
Ce travail a l’intention de réaliser une étude iconographique du Retable de Saint Jean-Baptiste (1425-1430), attribué au peintre gothique catalan Bernat Martorell (1390-1452), afin d’analyser les représentations imagétiques du corps du saint, ses expressions faciales, ses gestes. Entre la vie d’ermite et la décapitation. Nous aurons, d’abord, une brève contextualisation du thème afin de situer les approches historiques, artistiques et philosophiques sur le corps, en particulier dans le Moyen Âge, notre époque d’étude. Après, nous présentons quelques informations sur l’histoire, l’emplacement et la division des compartiments de ce retable, le plus ancien attribué à Martorell. Nous procéderons, enfin, par l’analyse iconographique de deux des compartiments du retable: le central et ce qui représente la décollation du saint ermite. Nous suivons donc la proposition méthodologique de Erwin Panofsky (1892-1968), associée avec la hiérarchie analytique de Jean-Claude Schmitt (1946-).
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The Portuguese translations of the works of Ramon Llull
Julián BARENSTEIN
Original title: Las traducciones portuguesas de las obras de Ramon Llull
Published in Ramon Llull. Seventh centenary
