Article
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Buona e leale, esprovata e quieta: Aspects of feminine image in political-pedagogic literature at XIII Century. The treaty of De Regimine Principum from Giles of Rome
Fátima Regina FERNANDES, Eliane Veríssimo de SANTANA
Original title: Buona e leale, esprovata e quieta: Aspectos da imagem feminina na literatura pedagógico-política no século XIII. O tratado De Regimine Principum de Egídio Romano
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Castity, Feminine, Giles of Rome, Pedagogical treaties, Temperance.
The aim of this text is to analyse that the theorist Giles of Rome (1243/47-1316) constructs of the femenine in his pedagogical treaty De Regimine Principum (1277-81) for the instruction of Philip IV of France (1268-1314). Although this is a speculum that aims the royal education, Giles dedicates the First Part of the Second book for the formulation of an ideal model of women. Author of Aristotelianism-tomist influence, he considers the man, full of knowledge, natural lord of woman. The feminine image is built based on marriage, procriation, loyalty, castity and temperance.
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The Alfonsine Guzman ladies. A feminine dynasty in Castile, 13th-14th centuries
Pablo MARTÍN PRIETO
Original title: Las Guzmán alfonsinas. Una dinastía femenina en la Castilla de los siglos XIII y XIV
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Alfonso X, Beatriz of Portugal, Blanca of Portugal, Guzman, Mayor Guillen.
From the mid-13th century, the relationship between Alfonso X of Castile and his mistress Mayor Guillen de Guzman gave rise to a veritable feminine dynasty, beginning with their daughter Beatriz − later Queen of Portugal through her marriage − and continued through the latter's daughter, Princess Blanca of Portugal, the grand-daughter of Mayor Guillen, well until the 1320s. In this time, the ladies belonging to this illegitimate line of Alfonso X's descent kept a special commitment to the Castilian crown, as well as to certain interests of piety and power related to this king. The continuity along this Alfonsine line of the important noble family of Guzman stands as a showcase of the public relevance of women set in a high environment.
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The image of women in the Crónica del Halconero de Juan II
María del Pilar RÁBADE OBRADÓ
Original title: La visión de la mujer en la Crónica del Halconero de Juan II
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Castile, Chronicles, Juan II, Querelle des femmes, XVth Century.
This work analyzes the image of women in the Crónica del Halconero de Juan II. The chronicle was written during the reign of this king, and his author, Pedro Carrillo de Huete, was a courtier of the Castilian monarch. Through its study we’ll try to verify if the image that it offers of women is or not influenced by the debate concerning women that developed during the reign of Juan II.
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Feminine elites in Galician towns during the Late Middle Ages
Miguel GARCÍA-FERNÁNDEZ
Original title: Las élites femeninas en las ciudades gallegas de la Baja Edad Media
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Galicia, Late Middle Ages, Towns, Urban elites, Women.
Women from different social groups lived in medieval towns. However, historians have studied more closely women working outside their homes in various trades and, far less, women that were part of the urban oligarchies. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze female elites in Galician towns during the Late Middle Ages, indicating who they were and what their role within the oligarchy was. So, we will know some names, places, relationships, public actions and attitudes to death of those female elites.
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Functionalizing the feminine: the 'unnamed'sister-queen-mother-wifepenitent in Gregorius by Hartmann von Aue
Daniele Gallindo Gonçalves SILVA
Original title: Funcionalizando o feminino: a irmã-rainha-mãe-esposa-penitente ‘sem nome’ em Gregorius de Hartmann von Aue
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Gregorius, Middle High German Literature, Namenforschung.
Based on the theoretical Namenforschung by Friedhelm Debus and the Gender research by Judith Butler, this paper discusses the relationship established between the male character, theme of the narrative, and his mother/wife. Thus, our focus of analysis is the unnamed female character of Gregorius of Hartmann von Aue. We intend, therefore, to prove that there is a functionalization of this feminine in the work in question.
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Woman and eroticism in the Galician-Portuguese troubadour lyric
Pedro Carlos Louzada FONSECA, Márcia Maria de Melo ARAÚJO
Original title: Mulher e erotismo na lírica trovadoresca galego-portuguesa
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Cantigas de amigo, Eroticism, Galician-Portuguese troubadour lyric.
It is an approach of the female images reproduced in the cantigas de amigo “Fui eu, madre, lavar meus cabelos” by Johan Soarez Coelho and “Levou s’ aa alva, levou s’ a velida” by Pero Meogo, both outstanding troubadours Galician-Portuguese. In the cantigas de amigo, eroticism appears as the theme of the possibility of satisfaction, of promise, of desire or its negation, and of the closeness of happiness. In this sense, it is intended in this paper to reflect on the recurring images in the lyricism of these minstrels and how ethical elements of loyalty, courage, tenderness are treated by an erotic-cultural aspect that makes the medieval nobility capable of transforming the sufferings of love into beauty, offering in this way a meaning and a suitable value for feeling.
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For Man’s Ruin or Salvation. Archetypes of Feminine Power in the Poetry of G. K. Chesterton
Santiago ARGÜELLO
Original title: Para perdición o salvación del hombre. Arquetipos del poder femenino en la poesía de G. K. Chesterton
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Chesterton, Gleam, Grail, Tennyson, Woman.
The paper consists in the analysis and translation of the poem of Chesterton, “The White Witch”. In it the author sets up a contrast between two heathen goddesses –Diana and Hecate– and the Virgin Mary. Chesterton takes the issue up to criticize the interpretation of Tennyson about the medieval Grial. From it, he is able to show the connection between the Puritan model of woman with the heathen model, in contrast with the medieval one.
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Misogyny and theologizing rhetoric of feminine appearance in the Middle Ages: the ascetic testimony of De cultu feminarum by Tertullian
Pedro Carlos Louzada FONSECA
Original title: Misoginia e retórica teologizadora da aparência feminina na Idade Média: o depoimento ascético do De cultu feminarum, de Tertuliano
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Female appearance, Misogyny, Patristic, Tertullian.
The concern of the early centuries of Christianity about the appearance of women is a recurring theme in the so-called patristic literature, whose doctrine was based on a vision of theological and patriarchal jurisdiction committed to certain postures and attitudes tendentiously misogynistic that had seen the woman as prone ab origine to disguise and adulteration of her image created by God. In this primeval Christian perception of the female, Tertullian (c. 160-c. 225) stands out as an author of a moralist discourse strongly religious which submits female clothing and ornaments to precepts and prescriptions theologically constituted. This article proposes to discuss the main aspects of the rhetoric of this theological cosmetology which characterizes itself as ascetically misogynist in Tertullian.
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Medieval Misogyny and its echoes in the Lais of Marie de France
Ruy de Oliveira ANDRADE FILHO, Ligia Cristina CARVALHO
Original title: A misoginia medieval e seus ecos nos Lais de Maria de França
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Chivalric literature, Female images, Maria of France, Misogyny.
The Lais of Marie de France are a specific type of historical record about the medieval aristocratic society and enables us to decipher the hierarchies that govern the relationship between men and women in the period. As well explains Georges Duby, medieval society tends to present coated with a male character because, among other factors, its latent misogyny. Women were placed under male authority, convinced of their natural superiority , the men despised , mocked her sex , meanwhile feared them, after all, women were Eve’s daughters. So, Lais offer female images that cannot be ignored , since it express the author women’s idea. However , as we seek to demonstrate in this article, Maria of France reflects the representations of the Christian society aristocratic. One note here that this article does not aspire to reach the actual circumstances, but the historical significance of female images present in the Lais.
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Margarita Moreira and Antonia Núñez. Inquisition and Cryptojudaism in Mexico, 1646-1647
Antonio CORTIJO OCAÑA
Original title: Margarita Moreira y Antonia Núñez. Inquisición y grupos criptojudíos en México, 1646-1647
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Antonia Núñez, Inquisition, Margarita Moreira, Mexico, Practicing Judaism.
This article analyzes two previously-unkown documents from The Bancroft Library (UC Berkeley). These documents refer to the accusation made by the Mexican Inquisition against Margarita Moreira and Antonia Núñez in 1646 and 1647 respectiveley. Both women were accused of practicing Judaism.
