Article (Mirabilia Medicinæ)
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Beginning and perspectives of Bioethics in Brazil and in Portugal
Amanda Guedes dos REIS, Carlos Manuel Costa GOMES, Marta SAUTHIER, André Marcelo Machado SOARES
Original title: Origem e perspectivas da Bioética no Brasil e em Portugal
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Keywords: Bioethics, Health, Humanist perspective, Philosophical perspective, Practical wisdom.
In this article, result of an academic partnership between the Anna Nery School of Nursing from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and the Bioethics Institute of the Catholic University of Portugal of the Porto, the beginning of Bioethics is addressed and its impact in Brazil and Portugal countries is presented. The Brazilian and the Portuguese bioethical thoughts are discussed and a prospecting of the future of Bioethics journey in both countries is made.
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Phosphoethanolamine ("cancer pill") and its scientific, bioethical, legal, and political conflicts of interest
Márcia de Cássia CASSIMIRO, André Marcelo Machado SOARES, Marcelle Mourelle Perez DIÓS-BORGES, Carlos Henrique DEBENEDITO SILVA, Antonio Abílio Pereira de SANTA ROSA
Original title: Fosfoetanolamina (“pílula do câncer”) e os conflitos de interesse científicos, bioéticos, legais e políticos
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Keywords: Bill of Act 13269, Cancer pill, Conflicts of interest (COIs), Phosphoethanolamine.
The debate regarding synthetic phosphoethanolamine in Brazil is not entirely scientific. In the midst of an intense academic discussion about its biochemical aspects and clinical research issues, there is another one taking place on the field of Justice about the decisions that have been made leading to its release to general public. Ideally the arguments should rely mainly on ethical criteria, necessary for a large-scale production of the results of any scientific experiment. However, this episode disclosed that this debate is not only about correct application of ethical principia regulating Brazilian scientific research, for these rules have been currently in use and yet, they were not enough to prevent fabrication and distribution of phosphoethanolamine. Government agencies should pay strong attention to this fact and become truly and responsibly committed to stimulate research on new drugs, provided that it can be carried out following applicable ethical principia. Benefits of scientific research are supposed to level not only the financial expenditures but also its social costs, required for its development. It is mandatory to fill the gap between scientific and social responsibilities.
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Letter: Academic visit by Professor Charlotte Roberts, Department of Archeology, Durham University – UK, to the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES-Brazil (hosted by Dr. Patricia Deps from August 16th to 23rd 2015)
Charlotte ROBERTS
Original title: Correspondência: Visita acadêmica da Professora Charlotte Roberts, do Departamento de Arqueologia da Universidade de Durham – Reino Unido, à Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, em Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil (anfitriã: Patrícia Deps, de 16 a 23 de
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Letter: Leprosy and Paleopathology – exchange of experience
Patrícia DEPS
Original title: Correspondência: Lepra e Paleopatologia – intercâmbio de experiências
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Editorial: IV UNESC Seminar of Medical Humanities
Hélio ANGOTTI NETO
Original title: Editorial: IV Seminário UNESC de Humanidades Médicas
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Keywords: Galen, Hippocrates, Philosophy.
This volume of Mirabilia/Medicinæ brings two articles about the Hippocratic legacy. The first one was presented in the IV UNESC Seminar of Medical Humanities, and the second article brings a broad perspective of the many links between Medicine and Classical Philosophy.
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The Medical-Patient Relationship in the Hippocratic Works: Ancient Medicine; Airs, Waters, and Places; Epidemy I and III; Precepts.
Kaio Cezar Gomes PESSIM, Hélio ANGOTTI NETO
Original title: A Relação Médico-Paciente na Obra Hipocrática: Medicina Antiga; Ares, Líquidos e Locais; Epidemia I e III; Preceitos.
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Keywords: Hippocrates, Medical-Patient Relationship.
The origin of Ocidental Medicine occurs in Ancient Greece with the Hippocratic School, when the technical and ethical principles for healthcare that still endure were created. Our objective is to correlate Hippocratic original excerpts on medical ethics with contemporary professional and ethic parameters, showing the link between the origin of western medicine and its contemporary practice. The material of this work derives from the first volume of Hippocratic writings form the Loeb Classical Library, published by Harvard, and compared with Spanish and Portuguese translations together with the original Greek excerpts. The original excerpts from the Hippocratic writings were selected according to the relation observed with medical-patient relationship and contemporary aspects professionalism. The Hippocratic work, here exposed, shows professional and ethical aspects that remain valid and comprehensible according to contemporary parameters observed in medical practice, which can be seen in ethical works like the Medical Code of Ethics, from the Federal Council of Medicine, in Brazil.
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Medicin and Philosophy in Direct Dialectic Relation During the Classical and Late Antiquity
Sophia KARYMPALI-KYRIAZIS
Original title: Medicina e Filosofia em Relação Dialética Direta Durante a Antiguidade Clássica e Tardia
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Keywords: Antiquity, Asclepius, Galen, Hippocrates, Medicine, Philosophy.
Medicine and Philosophy, in classical antiquity mainly, coexisted and joined hands as activities of the human intellect, with one exerting fruitful influence on the other in the course of time. The influence of philosophy on ancient medicine is generally accepted, as the theories of pre-Socratic philosophers from the 6th century BC for the interpretation of the world and human nature were the main inspiration for the formulation of the first medical texts. Natural philosophers from Ionia, such as Thales of Miletus, Anaximander, Anaximenes and Heraclitus, through their theories, laid the foundations towards future medical advances. Hippocrates of Kos, with his medical treatises in “Corpus Hippocraticum” was greatly influenced by the philosophical thought. Hippocrates is considered the “father of medicine” because he broadened the medical knowledge of his time and laid the foundations of medicine as science, releasing it from magic and superstitions. Plato and Aristotle refer to Hippocrates in their works and speak with respect about him acknowledging his enormous contribution to the healing of serious diseases. In the ancient world, Asclepius, who was considered a great healer of many serious diseases, was worshiped as the patron god of medicine. In his honor temples were erected and next to them great therapeutic centers, the well known “Asclepieia”, scattered in many cities of Ancient Greece and Asia Minor. In the 5th, 4th and 3rd century BC there are great medical schools that operate, founded by famous medico-philosophers of the time, such as the School of Kos, the Sicilian School, the Medical School of Cnidus, Cyrene, Rhodes, Alexandria, etc. In post-Hippocratic era, medico-philosophical Schools are formed, such as the School of Dogmatics, Empiricists, Methodics in Rome, Pneumatics, and Eclectics, all connected to the philosophical thought and tradition. Among the physicians of late antiquity stands out Galen, whose theories influenced Western medicine until the 17th century AD. In the Hellenistic period the major philosophical Schools of the Epicureans and the Stoics form a philosophical concept with physical health and psychological well-being as points of reference. Medicine was founded as a science in the period of classical antiquity, 5th to 4th century BC, and bequeathed its rich background to later centuries, so that today it has come to be regarded as a deeply humanistic and social science with strong philosophical roots and origins.
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Editorial: Reforming Humanity
Helio ANGOTTI NETO
Original title: Editorial: Reformando a Humanidade
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Keywords: Bioethics, Gnosticism, Transhumanism.
This volume of Mirabilia Medicinæ journal brings one of the most pressing issues in Bioethics: Transhumanism and its pretension of reforming humanity.
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Bioethics, Humanism, and Post-Humanism in XXI Century: In Search for a New Being?
Leo PESSINI
Original title: Bioética, Humanismo e Pós-Humanismo no Século XXI: Em Busca de um Novo Ser?
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Keywords: Bioethics, Humanism, Illuminism, Post-Humanism, Transhumanism.
This paper describes the historical and ideological origins of Transhumanism, heir to the Illuminist Ideology. Within a dialectical analysis, positive and negative aspects of Transhumanism are approached, engaging the historical experience within ethical, philosophical, and cultural fields of study within the Western societies.
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Free Hugs: Humanized actions for reception of candidates in the admission exam for Medicine – Experience report
Luciano Antônio RODRIGES, Victor Hugo de Castro e SILVA, Pâmela de Sousa DIAS, Diego de Oliveira BENTO, Isabela Marques HYGINO, Eduarda Paes Fontoura Alves dos SANTOS
Original title: Abraços Grátis: Ações humanizadas de acolhimento de candidatos em vestibular de medicina – Relato de Experiência
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Keywords: College Entrance, Free Hugs, Medical Humanities, Welcome.
The Free Hugs Company is a social movement that involve people who offer free hugs for strangers at public spaces. The "Free Hugs" was idealized in 2001 by an Australian called "Juan Mann" who had an objective to break the agitated routine of day-to-day with one unusual and uncommon act: to give hugs. Affording one way of permutation: sadness to happiness. Against the difficulties of getting into the university, like the value of the enrollment in college entrance, the distance of the family, and the tension and all the preparations that predates the arrival at the tests place, Free Hugs was developed by one group of academics of the course of medicine in UNESC during the college admission exam in 2015. This movement had the objective to establish a humanized host action, offering free hugs at the place of examination, demonstrating to the students who were going to do the test of college admission, recognizing their potential and efforts in that moment, and helping them to assuage anxiety.
