Article
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The theological and doxological reference to the Resurrection and the Pentecost according to the orations of Gregory of Nazianzus XLI and XLV
Eirini ARTEMI
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Doxology, Gregory of Nazianzus, Pentecost’s, Resurrection.
In the forty-one oration, Gregory of Nazianzus analyzes the divinity of the Holy Spirit, a subject that is developed again with more severe way in his Fifth Theological Oration. Gregory tries to establish the point by quite a different set of arguments from those adopted in the former discourse, none of whose points are here repeated. In the other oration, forty-five, Gregory refers to the importance of the resurrection for the human race. He presents Christ as the new Adam who saved the human from the death and reunites again the man with God. This is a subject that is referred to the oration forty-one, too. In this paper, we will examine the teaching of Gregory of Nazianzus about the divine status of the Holy Spirit and his equality to the other two persons of the Triune God through theological and biblical images. Also, we will present how he connects his teaching for anthropology based on the Christology. In the end we will show how Gregory produced these orations for public festivals within the literarily ripe tradition of pagan festival rhetoric, but he gives to his orations theological content.
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From Aristotle to Castel: Intertextual Relationships between the color of the sound and the sound of the color – affections and synesthesia
Antonio Celso RIBEIRO
Original title: De Aristóteles a Castel: relações intertextuais entre a cor do som e o som da cor – afetos e sinestesia
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Aristotle, Castel, Color, Music, Semiotics, Synesthesia.
The aim of the present work is to analyse the intertextual relationships between musical notes and colours and its ramifications under the point of view of emotions, humors, and science. The research will comprise the historical period starting in ancient Greece with Aristotle, ending in Baroque with French mathematician Louis Bertrand-Castel (1688-1757). Thus, it will take in assumption that music and colors are correlate languages, and we will support the analysis in considering scientific concepts and semiotic approachs and the concept of migration of meanings (synesthesias).
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The Dream of the Rood: the Byzantine Christian tradition in Anglo-Saxon England and the translation of the original poem into Portuguese
Elton O. S. MEDEIROS
Original title: O Sonho da Cruz: a tradição cristã bizantina na Inglaterra anglo-saxônica e a tradução do poema original ao português
Published in Senses and sensibilities in classical and medieval worlds
Keywords: Anglo-Saxon England, Christianity, Literature, Old English, Society.
One of the main symbols of the Christian tradition is the Holy Cross on which Christ was executed. However, unlike the conception of an instrument of torture, in the tradition that was developed, the Cross emerges as a symbol of victory, conquest over death, and the primary symbol of worship since the beginning of the Christian Era and during the Early Middle Ages. In the current article we intend to analyze the presence of the cult of the Cross in Anglo-Saxon England and its link with the Byzantine Christian tradition, mainly in the field of material culture and in the religious literature of the period. We also bring, in the end of this article, the complete translation of the poem The Dream of the Rood to Portuguese.
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The royal entries in the kingdom of Castile towards the end of the Middle Ages: the sound universe of power
Gisela CORONADO SCHWINDT
Original title: Las entradas reales en el reino de Castilla hacia el final de la Edad Media: el universo sonoro del poder
Published in Senses and sensibilities in classical and medieval worlds
Keywords: Castile, History of the senses, Royal entries, Sounds.
In this study, we will make a first approximation to one of the most complex festive events of the Castilian low - medieval world, as were the royal entries in the urban spaces of the Kingdom. From the point of view of perception, we consider that these acts of celebration operated on the sensory universe of the community to strengthen the presence of the Crown by establishing social relations that cemented the bonds between the subjects and the representations of royal power. To verify this, we will analyse, through the theoretical and methodological postulates of the History of the senses, the role that the auditory sense and the sounds played in the actual entries and other events that occurred in the urban scenarios during the reigns of The House of Trastámara sovereigns to that of Charles of Habsburg, recounted in various chronicles and official documents.
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Body metaphors in goliardic poetry: Altercatio cordis et oculi (The dispute between the eye and the heart) and Alte Clamat Epicurus (The cult of the stomach)
Mariana BLANCO
Original title: Metáforas corporales en la poesía de los goliardos: Altercatio cordis et oculi (La disputa entre el ojo y el corazón) y Alte Clamat Epicurus (El culto del estómago)
Published in The Medieval Aesthetics
Keywords: Body images, Carmina Burana, Goliards, Medieval Latin poetry, Middle Ages.
Born in the twelfth century, in the literary world of medieval schools, goliardic poetry is considered one of the most original manifestations of the Medieval Latin lyric for its rebellious vitalism, its celebration of the body and its irreverent criticism of the social order. In this article we propose to analyze some body images and corporal metaphors recurrent in the poetics of goliardism, focusing on the dialectical relations between soul-body and virtue-vice, characteristics of the medieval worldview. We will take into consideration the anonymous poems Altercatio cordis et oculi (The dispute between the eye and the heart) and Alte Clamat Epicurus (The cult of the stomach) and we will study the tensions between the noble and ignoble parts of the body, between the ascetic ideal and excess, between the exaltation of sensual pleasures and the condemnation of the flesh as the origin of sin. Likewise, we will examine the way in which body representation is mediated by the intellectual formation of poets in its double aspect: the classical Latin and the biblical-ecclesiastical traditions.
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The Holy Empire and the Papacy in late medieval thought: some ideas about the precedence in the Italian and Spanish chronicles of the 14th and 15th centuries
Josué VILLA PRIETO
Original title: El Sacro Imperio y el Papado en el pensamiento bajomedieval: algunas ideas sobre la precedencia en las crónicas italianas y españolas de los siglos XIV y XV
Published in Manifestations of the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Cultural History, Empire, History of ideas, Humanism, Papacy, Political thought.
This study analyses the conception of the Holy Roman Empire in the Italian and Spanish chronicles of the Late Middle Ages: origins, authority and tensions with the Papacy for a preeminent position within universal power. After the scholasticism historiographical disputes (XIIth-XIIIth centuries), humanists write new interpretations of the genesis of the Holy Roman Empire wondering about the desappearance (or not) of the Roman imperial potestas and if it continues in Byzantium or the Papacy, and where the Charlemagne's authority comes from. The comparison of the Italian and Spanish sources allows to note different political intentions in a context of mutual cultural influence.
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The paradoxical reality of the feminine holiness in the Castilian Middle Ages: the miracle like textual shape of the Vida de Santa María Egipciaca
Carina ZUBILLAGA
Original title: La paradójica realidad de la santidad femenina en la Edad Media castellana: el milagro como configurador textual de la Vida de Santa María Egipciaca
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Biographical frame, Castilian translation, Feminine holiness, Medieval Hagiography, Miracle.
The medieval hagiographical paradigm of the holy prostitute, analyzed in this article in the Castilian 13th century Vida de Santa María Egipciaca, reveals the paradoxical reality of the feminine holiness of the period; a reality based on the inclusive concept of the supernatural thing as possible daily experience, but that at the same time supposes the loss of any feminine attribute and the obligatory identification with Christ for the comprehension of the spiritual advance of the woman.
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Riding in the plains of southern Iberian Peninsula, in the "brida" and "jineta" ways – saddles, harnesses and the protection of the Christian and Muslim rider
Franklin Pereira
Original title: A monta "à brida" e "à jineta" nas planícies da Península Ibérica – selas, arreios e protecção do cavaleiro cristão e muçulmano
Published in The chivalry and the art of war in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Islam, Leather shields, Saddles, chivalry.
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The Death of the Virgin Mary (1295) in the Macedonian church of the Panagia Peribleptos in Ohrid. Iconographic interpretation from the prospective of three apocryphal writings
José María SALVADOR GONZÁLEZ
Original title: La muerte de la Virgen María (1295) en la iglesia macedonia de la Panagia Peribleptos de Ohrid. Interpretación iconográfica a la luz de tres escritos apócrifos
Published in Relations between History and Literature in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Byzantine painting, Iconography, Koimesis, Medieval Art, apocryphal literature.
Painted in 1295 by the Greek painters Michael Astrapas and Eutychios, the fresco of the Virgin’s Death (Koimesis) in the church of Panagia Peribleptos in Ohrid, Macedonia, highlights the main events described by the apocryphal stories on the death, the burial, the resurrection and the assumption of Mary, reinterpreted by the theologians and the hymns’ writers. This mural painting integrates in a diachronic development the scenes of the Virgin’s farewell to her friends, the coming of the apostles on clouds, the death, the funeral and the burial of Mary, including the episode on the attempt of desecration, the punishment and the conversion of a Jew named Jephonias, as well as the Virgin’s assumption, a subject performed for the first time in art. This article tries to explain and to illustrate the iconographic elements contained in this mural painting, analyzing them from the perspective of three apocryphal texts on the Mary’s death and assumption. Through such analysis we would highlight the direct and essential influence of certain Literature (apocryphal) in the creation of certain History, understood at the same time as History of Art (iconography) and History of Religions (dogmatic).
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The relation between gargoyles and texts in the context of late medieval Portugal: concerns about the behavior of the body and the sins
Catarina Alexandra Martins Fernandes BARREIRA
Original title: A relação entre gárgulas e textos no contexto tardo-medieval em Portugal: preocupações em torno do comportamento do corpo e os pecados
Published in Relations between History and Literature in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Exempla, Gargoyles, Literature, Senses, Sins.
Our aim is to analyze the relationship between gargoyles and some Portuguese texts in the context of 15th and 16th centuries. In this purpose some gargoyles will be observed, as well as the iconographic programs that highlight the same concerns as the chosen texts, with special emphasis on the behaviour of the sinful body. From this phenomenon will result not only a deep relationship between gargoyles and late medieval ages, but in particular its educational role that results from a close relationship with the church and with its audience.
