Article
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The measure of the Holy Land: the bula Ad Liberandam (1215) and institutionalization of the crusades
Leandro Duarte RUST
Original title: A medida da Terra Santa: a bula Ad Liberandam (1215) e a institucionalização das cruzadas
Published in The Middle Ages and the Crusades
Keywords: Crusade, Innocent III, Institution, Medieval Papacy.
This article presents some reflections on the existing relations between the pontifical politics and the history of the crusades in the early 13th century. We appeal to the analysis of Ad Liberandam, the bulla issued in 1215 by Innocent III to the convening of a new crusade to Jerusalem, in order to demonstrate how the Papacy transformed that notorious military mobilization in an unparalleled opportunity for the exercise and strengthening of the papal government. Through this association, the crusading expeditions were exposed to a vigorous process of institutionalization. This process allowed the Holy See redraws its media for social control and the strategies of domination projected by the popes on the seigniorial society.
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The image of the nobility, according to Rafael Martí de Viciana (16th century): from the medieval past to the imperial project
Vicent JOSEP ESCARTÍ
Original title: La imagen de la nobleza, según Rafael Martí de Viciana (s. XVI): del pasado medieval al proyecto imperial
Published in Aristocracy and nobility in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: 16th Hispanic century, Historiography, Nobility, Spanish Empire, Valencia, political ideology.
The present paper makes an analysis of the concept of "nobility" throughout the work of the notary and valencian noble Rafael Martí de Viciana (1502-1582). Across his writings we can see clearly how Viciana, on the paper, combined the ancient and medieval origins of the local nobility with the privileges given by the crown in more recent times, to incorporate the nobles of his time to the new imperial project Carlos V for the Hispanic monarchy.
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The Christological nobility of animals in the medieval Bestiary: the Lion and the Unicorn examples
Pedro Carlos Louzada FONSECA
Original title: A nobreza cristológica de animais no bestiário medieval: o exemplo do Leão e do Unicórnio
Published in Aristocracy and nobility in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Christology, animal symbolism, medieval bestiary.
This article examines aspects of creation and development of the medieval bestiary, and its moral and doctrinal significance for medieval Christianity. In the development of the study, an analytical and interpretative exam is done in relation to some animals which are considered noble due to their outstanding Christological symbolism, namely the lion and the unicorn.
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The knight to the divine in Ramon Llull: against the sin of the lust
Jordi Pardo Pastor
Original title: El caballero a lo divino en Ramon Llull: contra el pecado de la lujuria
Published in Mirabilia 1
Keywords: Book of chivalries, Knight, constriction, exempla., lust.
The sense of this work consists on demonstrating a new literary model of medieval Knight. Therefore, by means of the influence of the Arab and oriental religious doctrine, the medieval Knight is transmuted, in the literary parameters, of a skillful Knight in the weapons to a being that it looks for in the world the essence of God. In the same way, to support this opinion is analysed the possible relationship with different episodes of medieval chivalry books with oneself leitmotiv.
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The Kingdom of the Spirit in the transcendence of the image of Christ. The Good Shepherd in Early Christian Art (3rd-4th centuries)
Armando Alexandre dos SANTOS; Ricardo da COSTA
Original title: O Reino do Espírito na transcendência da imagem de Cristo. O Bom Pastor na Arte Paleocristã (sécs. III-IV)
Published in The Kingdom of the Spirit
Keywords: Good Shepherd, History of Art, Paleochristian Art, Sarcophagus.
The aim of the work is to analyze the iconographic theme of the Good Shepherd (Jo 10, 6-15) in Paleochristian Art (III-VI centuries) and the reasons for its popularity. Our methodology will be comparative: documents and images from the same period, with an interpretative emphasis on carved scenes in three Roman sarcophagi from the 3rd and 4th centuries.
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The written sources of the Byzantine tradition on the Dormition and the Assumption of the Virgin
Spyros P. PANAGOPOULOS
Original title: Les sources littéraires de la tradition byzantine sur la Dormition et l’Assomption de la Vierge
Published in Rhythms, expressions and representations of the body
Keywords: Assomption, Byzance, Dormition, Sources littéraires, Vierge Marie.
Cet article traite de la littérature grécophone à l’époque byzantine, à propos de la Dormition de la Vierge. La littérature sur la Dormition, si elle a fait l’objet d’études par de nombreux chercheurs jusqu’à présent, néanmoins une brève revue de ces textes a été jugée nécessaire, puisqu’ils sont les principales sources d’inspiration pour l’iconographie du spectacle. Pour une meilleure présentation, ces textes sont classés en apocryphes, hagiographiques, homilétiques-patristiques. De plus, au début de l’article, un examen des rapports sur la fin terrestre de Théotokos avant la création du corps de la littérature concernée est suggéré.
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The dignity of the body, of woman, of love and pleasure. Brief analysis in the great humanist works of the Crown of Aragon
Júlia BUTINYÀ
Original title: La dignitat del cos, de la dona, de l’amor i del plaer. Breu anàlisi en les grans obres humanistes de la Corona d’Aragó
Published in Rhythms, expressions and representations of the body
Keywords: Commedia, Curial e Güelfa, Decameron, Lo somni.
This observation aims to outline quantitative nuances about the notion of the body and senses from the great humanist works of the Crown of Aragon: The dream of Bernat Metge (1399) and the Curial and Güelfa (ca. 1458), for the purpose of approach the evolutionary line of the Humanism since the beginning. It demands to go back to the literary sources and the ascendancy of that ideological renewal, which will lead to Dante. This route is of interest to follow the first humanist achievements, of which we obtain very pure samples in these Italo-Catalan origins, marked by a stamp of mixture, sensual and moral, that characterizes them. Finally, we will conclude by pointing out the fleetingness of the humanistic purity that these two works contain.
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The impact of the political situation in the Islamic states in al-Andalus on some Andalusian intellectual elites during the fifth AH/ the eleventh century
Meshal ALENEZI
Published in The World of Tradition
Keywords: Al-Ṭawā’if, Christian Kingdoms, Jurists, Poets, Unification.
In the last decades of the eleventh century, the Muslims in the West (al-Gharb) lost Toledo in the middle of the Iberian Peninsula in 477 AH /1085, and the Muslims in the Near East (al-Mashriq) lost Jerusalem (al-Qudis) in 492 AH /1099. This was due to the division of al-Mashriq into several states: besides the ʿAbbāsīd Caliphate (132-655 AH /750-1258), there were other states, such as Saljūk state (428-590 AH/1037-1194) and Fāṭimīd state (296-567 AH / 909-1171). This situation was like the political situation in the Iberian Peninsula (al-Andalus), which divided the region into twenty-two states in the first half of the eleventh century. Consequently, many scholars and historians have concentrated on the reaction of the Islamic political and military authorities to the fall of Toledo and Jerusalem. In addition, they have discussed the efforts of the intellectual elites in improving the above-mentioned political circumstances in the Near East and al-Andalus after the fall of these cities. However, they have not paid attention to the impact of the division of al-Andalus into twenty-two states and its internal consequences as well as their submission to the Iberian Catholic rule on the Andalusian intellectual elites’ activities. Consequently, this research analyses the impact of this event on the activities and status of the Andalusian intellectual elites among the Andalusian rulers. It also compares the status of the Andalusian intellectual elites who were against the acts of Andalusian political authorities and those who supported them. In addition, it illustrates the relations between the elites especially who were against the Muslim rulers in al-Andalus.
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Medieval latin manuscript culture of the Crown of Aragon. Transcription and study of the parchments of the 12th-13th centuries of the Archive “general b” of the Borja Library (Sant Cugat del Vallès)
Enric MALLORQUÍ-RUSCALLEDA
Original title: Cultura medieval llatina manuscrita de la Corona d’Aragó. Transcripció i estudi dels pergamins dels segles XII-XIII del Fons General b de la Biblioteca Borja (Sant Cugat del Vallès)
Published in Mirabilia Journal 34
Keywords: Borja Library, Crown of Aragon, Edition, Latin, Manuscript Culture, Medieval, Sant Cugat, Transcription.
Father Antoni Borràs i Feliu, archivist of the library of the Borgia Center of Sant Cugat del Vallés, announced in 1994 the acquisition of a series of parchments by the library of this center. Father Borràs classified these parchments of varied typology, grouping them in four categories: A, B (“General Fons”), C (“Fons Ripoll-Sant Joan de les Abadesses”), D (“Fons Berga”), and E (“Fons vari”). This article presents the transcription and a brief codicological and paleographic study of B (“Fons General”). Among the parchments in question are pontifical documents (“butlles”), royal documents, university degrees, and a few documents classified by centuries: from the 12th to the 17th century. Here I study the latter; more specifically, the documents catalogued with the numbers 4.1 (number 1 for us) and 4.2 (numbers 2 and 3).
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The Pan-Hispanic Ballad La bella en missa: The feminine beauty in the descriptio mulieris of the traditional poetry and in the Croatian and Spanish Petrarquist Poems
Simona DELIĆ
Original title: El romance pan-hispánico La bella en misa: La belleza femenina en la descriptio mulieris de la poesía tradicional y de los poemas petrarquistas croatas y españoles
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Comparative literature, Croatian and Spanish Petrarquism, Descriptio mulieris, Formulaic discourse, Hanibal Lucić, Poetical discourse.
This study tries to interpret the descriptio mulieris in the Croatian and Pan-Hispanic traditional poetry in the comparative study with the Petrarquist poetry. Its common denominator is the poetic formula of the feminine beauty. A special attention is dedicated to the study of the Mediterranean traditional poetry, the poems from the Dubrovnik region and some manifestations of the Sephardic poetry, the ballad type of La bella en misa, of the Mediaeval ethos and aesthetics. The thematological study also includes the analysis of the Croatian Petrarquist poems and its poetics and poetical language, with the particular interest for the poetry of the Croatian poet Hanibal Lucić. The different poetical discourse of the “small Venus” and the “large Venus” is distinguished. It is considered in fact as the same poetical image stylistically nuanced distributed in the artistic and in the traditional poetry, inspired in the poetical and philosophical Dasein, with the specific voyage toward the revelation of the knowledge thanks to the aristocratic sensuality and the first instinct, singularly Dalmatian and at the same time Mediterranean and universal.
