Article

1. The Formation of the Knight: Perceval or Conte du Graal

   Raúl Cesar Gouveia Fernande

   Original title: A formação do cavaleiro: Perceval ou O Conto do Graal

   Published in Mirabilia 4

   Keywords: Arthurian romance, chivalry, education.

   The present paper covers Perceval's formative process analysis as it is developed in the context of Chrétien de Troyes' Conte du Graal. We intend to identify with our investigation the method and the objectives in the education of a knight throughout the romance.

2. The Slave Mode of Production and its Influence in the Jewish Society's Perception in Post- Exile

   Luiz Alexandre Solano Rossi

   Original title: Modo de Produção Escravista e a Sua Influência na Percepção da Sociedade Judaica no Pós-Exílio

   Published in Mirabilia 4

   Keywords: Hellenism, mode of production, slavery.

   This article aims to indicate that the construction of the biblical literature is marked by the type of economy and the society in which people lived. From this matter, the slave mode of production on the biblical world is discussed. The increasing of the slave culture affected nociably the life of people in biblical times. This shok in the society was so nociable that we find a peasant revolution from 167 to 142 aC, a daring attempt to prevent the advance of greek culture and slavery to the detriment of the classical traditions.

3. The non existent knight and the man without shadow

   Maria da Penha Casado Alves

   Original title: O Cavaleiro inexistente e o homem sem sombra – ou de quando não se vê a imagem no espelho

   Published in Mirabilia 3 (2003)

   Keywords: Cinema, Knighthood, Literature.

   This text aims to analyze the character Agilulfo, Carlos Magno`s Knight who is presented in the other work O Cavaleiro Inexistente by Italo Calvino and Sebastian Caine, protagonist of the film Hollowman by Paul Verhoeven. This intersemiotics approach make a critical path which emphasizes relative questions about identity related to be or not be, human dilemmas that have wished the most different expressions in life and art.

4. The Portuguese Medievo in Times of Free Faith: Relations between Jews and Christians in Portugal before the Catholic Monopoly Initiated in 1497

   Angelo Adriano Faria de Assis

   Original title: O Medievo Português em tempos de livre crença: relações entre judeus e cristãos em Portugal antes do monopólio católico iniciado em 1497

   Published in Mirabilia 3 (2003)

   Keywords: Jews, Liberty of Faith, Medieval times in Portugal.

   In december of 1496, the king of Portugal D. Manuel I (1495-1521) ordered the expulsion of jews from the kingdom in a period of ten months –decree that would be transformed, in 1497, in forced convertion to the catholicism. It was the beginning of the catholics’ monopoly in the portuguese world, finishing the time of free faith that was a characteristic of Portugal during the Medieval age. This article should make an analysis about the "Jews’ time" in Portugal, in a period that includes since the beginning of the jewish presence in the Iberian Peninsula – during the Flavio Vespasiano’s governement – until the expulsion from Spain and Portugal, in the end of the XV century – moment that deserves more attention -, giving importance to the relations between jews and christians, the contributions of jews to the portuguese society, the causes of the proihibition of free faith and the general changes to jews – converted in new-christians – and to the kingdom.

5. The Political Philosophy of Marsiglio of Padua: The New Concepts of Pax, Civitas and Lex

   Moisés Romanazzi Tôrres

   Original title: A Filosofia Política de Marsílio de Pádua: Os Novos Conceitos de Pax, de Civitas e de Lex

   Published in Mirabilia 3 (2003)

   Keywords: Aristote, Marsiglio of Padua, Political Philosophy.

   Marsiglio of Padua (c.1280-c.1343), directly from Aristote, redifined in natural perspective three central conceits of christian thought: peace (pax), political society (civitas) and law (lex). This redefinition is present in Prima Dictio of Defensor Pacis (finished at 1324). In this article, i develop, for each conceit, a history of development in the occidental thought, to determinate the Marsiglio’s rupture. After, i develop, same for each conceit, the aristotelic thought, to demonstrate as the Marsiglio’s perspectives are connecteds, directly, at Aristote.

6. The Pact of Memory: Interpretation and Identity in the Biblical Source

   Cláudia Andréa Prata Ferreira

   Original title: O Pacto da Memória: Interpretação e Identidade na Fonte Bíblica

   Published in Mirabilia 3 (2003)

   Keywords: Identity, Judaism, Memory.

   Interpretation of the biblical and rabbbinic texts in the Jewish Tradition. We understood the biblical and rabbbinic texts as being a project of construction of the memory. That memory, built literarily starting from an oral tradition and writing, evidences the singular relationship between the human and the divine and it tries to legitimate in its speech the idea of a Religion and Tradition of the Book. That memory constitutes, then, the essential element in the project of construction of the individual or collective identity of the People of the Book (in Hebrew, Am Ha'Sefer). We established the relationship memory and religion tends as central element the Hebrew word zikaron " memory". The originality of the present project is elencar a group of elements us which the construction and formation of the identity and memory are articulated in the Judaism tends as referencial the sources ju-daicas, in particular, produced them in language hebraica. Memory, Language and speech in the narrative, interpreting the specific case of the hebrew biblical narrative and the rabbinic narrative: we privileged the biblical and rabbinic sources, pillars of the Jewish faith.

7. The simbolical representations of the Devil in Ramon Llull and Dante Alighieri (13th & 14th centuries)

   Klítia Loureiro and Ziza Scaramussa

   Original title: O Diabo e suas representações simbólicas em Ramon Llull e Dante Alighieri (séculos XIII e XIV)

   Published in Expressing the Divine: Language, Art and Mysticism

   Keywords: Dante Alighieri, Devil, Hell, Midle Ages, Ramon Llull.

   This article intents to recover the fundamentals elements of the conception of Devil and Hell in the medieval culture, particulary in the 13th and 14th century. We have analized the vision of the Devil and Hell discrived by Ramon Llull (1232-1316) in no Livro das Maravilhas (1288-1289), Doutrina para Crianças (1274-1276) and Livro dos Anjos (1274?-1283?), briefly comparing his conception with Dante Alighieri and his Divina Comédia (1307-1321).

8. God Can not be Understood. God's Incomprehensibility in the Liber XXIV philosophorum (Chapters XVI & XVII) and its Roots in the Western Philosophical Tradition

   Jan G. J. ter Reegen

   Original title: Deus não pode ser conhecido. A incognoscibilidade divina no Livro dos XXIV Filósofos (XVI e XVII) e suas raízes na tradição filosófica ocidental

   Published in Expressing the Divine: Language, Art and Mysticism

   Keywords: Being beyond being, First cause, First principle, Ineffability.

   The Liber XXIV Philosophorum in its XVIth e XVIIth thesis tells us about the ineffability of God as a consequence of His excellence and also in view of the fact that God can only think Himself. In this paper we will try to examine the base and dimensions of this statement, studying it as a part of a long tradition in ancient and medieval philosophy, i.e. Neoplatonism, and especially in the Liber de Causis.

9. Brotherhoods as an Expression of Popular Devotion and the Way to God and Paradise

   Klaus Militzer

   Original title: Bruderschaften als Ausdruck der Volksfrömmigkeit und des Wegs zu Gott und in das Paradies

   Published in Expressing the Divine: Language, Art and Mysticism

   Keywords: Council of Trent, Fellowships, Legos in the Middle Ages.

   This paper analyzes the calls and fellowships development thirteenth to the sixteenth century. Focusing on Köln and Neuss examples the author one side highlights the relationship between the growth of these communities prosperous and secular progressive urbanization of society, commerce, as well as the spiritual crisis triggered by repeated pests. On the other hand, addresses the criticisms of the confraternities that multiply especially since the reformation, although Reformers were not the first to advance reviews in relation to lifestyle prodigal of the members of these communities and their political influence within Church. These criticisms, ultimately, lead to a reform of the confraternities.

10. Fear and Ecstatic Reaction to the Miracle Stories in the Synoptic Gospels

    Paulo Augusto de Souza Nogueira

    Original title: Maravilhamento e êxtase religioso como reação aos milagres nos Evangelhos Sinóticos

    Published in Expressing the Divine: Language, Art and Mysticism

    Keywords: Ecstatic, Jesus, Miracles, Synoptic Gospels..

    The Synoptic Miracle Stories have been interpreted with suspicion by modern exegetes. If compared to Jesus’ preaching and to the death and resurrection account they never received a true religious appreciation. In fact, the insertion of the Miracle Stories in the Synoptic Gospels has been considered as a kind of concession by the evangelists: they narrate them, but they show also that the popular reaction to the miracles, even if positive, is dominated by misunderstanding.