Article
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The Reception of the Gospel of Mark from St. Jerome to Erasmus
Ana RODRÍGUEZ LAIZ
Original title: La recepción del Evangelio de Marcos desde Jerónimo hasta Erasmo
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Erasmo, Gospel of Mark, Patristic Literature, Saint Jerome.
The reception of the Gospel of Mark throughout history has been paradoxical. Its early connection to the figure of Peter and to Rome was not enough for it to occupy a prom-inent place in patristic and medieval times. Studies and comments on this work from St. Jerome to Erasmus are scarce but significant. On the other hand, in the reception of the Gospel of Mark during this period, the figure of St. Jerome will have great im-portance. He is not only one of the few Fathers of the Church who paid attention to this Gospel, but, in addition, studies after him will be diffused associated with his name.
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The Controversy about the Translation of Origen of Alexandria
Anselmo MATILLA
Original title: La controversia en torno a la traducción de Orígenes de Alejandría
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Antiorigenism, Heterodoxy, Interpretation, Origenism, Philology, Theology.
In Church’s history, the 4th and 5th Centuries A. D. are characterized by the for or against theological thoughts associated with Origen of Alexandria. Two of the prota-gonists in relation to this argument are saint Jerome and Rufin of Aquileya, each of whom will translate the Περὶ ’Αρχῶν. Both translations will be an object of huge con-troversy between them. This article addresses the different ways in which both authors translate that origenean work from the saint Jerome’s apologetic treatise against Rufin of Aquileya (Adversus Rufinum).
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The Chronicle of Eusebius of Cesarea and the Translation (and continuation) of Saint Jerome
Manuel Andrés SEOANE RODRÍGUEZ
Original title: La Crónica de Eusebio de Cesarea y la traducción (y continuación) de san Jerónimo
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Chronology, Eusebius of Caesarea, Saint Jerome, Translation.
At first, the apologetic intention of inserting chronological studies in the works of authors of Greek and Jewish antiquity was clear, since the assessment of their claims depended largely on their antiquity. With the triumph of Christianity over paganism, chronologies end up emancipating themselves from other treatises, no longer apologetic (less necessary), but even historiographical in nature, until they become autonomous works that confirm the fullness of historical time with the coming of Christ to the world. In this paper we analyze the literary antecedents of the chronologies prior to Eusebius of Cesarea, the characteristics that his Chronicle might have, and the peculiarities of the translation and extension of Saint Jerome, who launched this historiographic subgenre up to the Middle Ages and beyond.
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Hieronymus classicus et christianus. The Defense of the Classics as a means for Christian Authors
José Manuel MARTÍNEZ SÁNCHEZ
Original title: Hieronymus classicus et christianus. La defensa de los clásicos como medio para los autores cristianos
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Christian education, Christian literature, Jerome – Classical tradition – Greek literature, Latin literature.
In a time of changes of paradigm between the Roman world that approached its end and the new political, social and cultural situation of Christianity, saint Jerome repre-sents the example of christian writers and philosophers who try to bring both worlds together. With a great classical education from the imperial educational system, due to the fact that a specific christian educational system had not been yet developed, saint Jerome struggles between the benefits of such propedeutic education and the spiritual need of focusing in theological literature.
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In times of a threatened Catholicism: religious restraints and definitions in the modern Era, under the purple of Cardinals
Maria Leonor García da CRUZ
Original title: Em tempos de um catolicismo ameaçado: prevenções e definições confessionais na época moderna sob a cor púrpura cardinalícia
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Catholic Church, Gentiles, Mass of Hypocrites, Protestants, States.
For a deeper understanding of issues related to Catholicism and threats to it in the 16th century, the temporal and spatial spectrum must be increased, given that it is a time of great knowledge of non-European peoples and of interaction with different religious professions in Christian Europe itself. One, therefore, must reflect on the external threats and the internal crises of a “Christianity” that had been in collapse since the late Middle Ages (according to mediaeval imagery), on the restraints that States put on the Church and the religious communities that develop alongside the Church and on the strategies that the bodies of the Catholic Church find to constantly adapt to stimuli and tensions. Within the scope of the environment of disturbances produced in modern Europe from the very often blood-red clashes of different religious professions, analyses and comments have been made on a Protestant image that was confiscated in the 1560s from a New Christian merchant in Rua Nova dos Mercadores, resulting in his arrest and prosecution by the Lisbon Inquisition. The direct attack on the Papacy and the Church is clearly shown in pictorial terms, transparent in its symbolism around mass, whose officiants are foxes (enhancement of their colour, similar to that of the high dignitaries of the Church), illustrated in both the text of that image and in its discursive elements. But Catholicism clandestinely or openly adapted in a dynamic manner in both Europe and overseas territories. In particular, in Portuguese America, invasive multiculturality appears to constitute a true threat vis-à-vis catechetical programmes and cultural syncretisms. The article is therefore a summary of threats, resistances and adaptations, subdivided into four modules: the first addressing the external threats and internal crises in Catholic Europe, the second the vicissitudes and restraints, the third a pictorial testimonial of the attacks against the Papacy and the fourth addresses catechetical programmes and multicultural syncretisms.
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The evolution of color in Charles V’s portraits and its relationship with the imperial propaganda strategy: contributions from Titian
Carlos Jesús SOSA RUBIO, José Antonio MUÑIZ-VELÁZQUEZ
Original title: La evolución del color en la retratística carolina y su relación con la estrategia propagandística imperial: aportaciones de Tiziano
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Charles V, Maiestas, Portraiture, Propaganda, Titian.
The importance of the court portrait is decisive to understand the painting of the 16th century in its correct artistic and propaganda dimensions. Charles V was born into a family with very clear ideas in this regard. In him, as in few men and women in history, an evolution from the local factor to the global reality is perceived, which is reflection and consequence at the same time of a life that took him from the County of Flanders to being the most powerful ruler in the world. This paper analyzes the evolution of his effigy in the light of those events, as well as the role played by color in its consolidation, focusing in a special way on the contributions of Titian, the great architect of the imperial image that has survived to this day.
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The cosmological and alchemical path of seven colors (haft rang) in the Haft paykar of Niẓāmī Ganǧawī (m. ca. 570-610/1174-1222)
Antoni GONZALO CARBÓ
Original title: La senda cosmológica y alquímica de siete colores (haft rang) en el Haft paykar de Niẓāmī Ganǧawī (m. ca. 570-610/1174-1222)
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Alchemy, Color, Niẓāmī Ganǧawī, Persian Mystical Poetry, Psychospiritual Anthropology.
From a miniature belonging to a magnificent Iskandar Anthology (Persia, Šīrāz, 1410-11, folio 66v; Lisbon, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation), the cosmology, the symbolism of the seven colors (haft rang) and the alchemical progression are analyzed in the mystical tale Haft paykar (Seven princesses) by the Persian poet Abū Md. Ilyās b. Yūsuf Niẓāmī Ganǧawī (d. ca. 570-610 / 1174-1222). This inner path of transmutation through colors (ch.:pp.: black: HP26:180-181; yellow: HP27:196-197; green: HP28:214; red: HP29:234; blue: HP30:266-267; sandalwood: HP31:291 and white: HP32:315) ends, in tune with the Iranian tradition (Mazdeism, Zoroastrianism, išrāqī illuminative wisdom), with the color white, symbol of the purity of the soul and enlightenment.
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The Vision of the Colors. Material and Symbolic Effects between Originality and Likeness
Ángel PAZOS LÓPEZ, José María SALVADOR GONZÁLEZ
Original title: La visualidad de los colores. Efectos materiales y simbólicos entre la originalidad y la semejanza
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
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Disease, War, Identities in a(nother) TV series on the Borgias
Adéla KOŤÁTKOVÁ
Original title: Malaltia, guerra, identitats en una (altra) sèrie de televisió sobre els Borja
Published in War and Disease in Antiquity and the Middle Ages
Keywords: Borgia family, Disease, Historical fiction, Identities, War.
When representing the Borgias, a part of the most recent historical fiction tends to avoid the black legend that has accompanied the surname over the centuries. In this article we review the mechanisms through which a television series presents the family as active protagonists of the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern period, as promoters of the Renaissance, not only with regard to artistic and intellectual interests, but also to the evolution of diseases and therapies or in the management of military conflicts. We also check how the creators of the series project their preconceptions on the ethnolinguistic identities of the characters.
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The episode of the lepers in Jaufre
Anton Maria ESPADALER
Original title: L’episodi dels leprosos al Romanç de Jaufré
Published in War and Disease in Antiquity and the Middle Ages
Keywords: Leprosy, Medical Therapy, Occitan Literature, Sexual Disease.
The Occitan Roman of Jaufré offers the most complete description of a human being affected by leprosy in all medieval literature. From its behavior and treatment derives a medical knowledge, absent in pious texts, and it is observed that, while understanding leprosy as a Sexually Transmitted Disease, the author does not make any criticism of it.
